Unit 3 Flashcards (week 3 Quiz)

Question 1

Why does resistance occur in medications?

Answer 1

Because we have overused antibiotics, not finished antibiotics, or we have prescribed antibiotics when they are not needed

Question 2

What do gram stains do?

Answer 2

Help identify the type of bacteria

Question 3

Narrow spectrum

Answer 3

Only kills one type of bacteria (GP or GN)

— these meds are prescribed when we know EXACTLY what the causative agent is

Question 4

Broad spectrum

Answer 4

Can treat a wide range of bacteria

— GP and GN

Question 5

How can we reduce super infections?

Answer 5

Taking probiotics
— yogurt, kombucha, supplements
— these help replenish out bodies natural good flora

Question 6

Bacteriostatic

Answer 6

Stop the reproduction of bacteria (do not kill)

Question 7

Bactericidal

Answer 7

Completely kill bacteria

Question 8

How do antiviral drugs act?

Answer 8

Directly impact interaction and reproduction of the virus
— do not kill the virus

(Patho. - prevent virus from getting on host cell, prevent arrangement of viral parts, etc.)

Question 9

What do antifungal meds do?

Answer 9

Kill the cells of the fungus and inhibit the reproduction

Question 10

Many anti-fungal meds are what

Answer 10

Topical

Question 11

Anti-fungal meds are considered what?

Answer 11

Anti mycotic agents

Question 12

How many people are infected with a resistance strain of a microbe each year?

Answer 12

2 million

Question 13

Half life

Answer 13

Rate at which 50% of a drug is eliminated from the plasma

— drugs with half-lives exceeding 12 hours can be given a single dose every 24 hours

Question 14

Dose of medications are calculated based on what?

Answer 14

Weight and renal function

Question 15

What are lifespan considerations when prescribing or giving medications to pediatrics

Answer 15

Age and size

— state of development will impact what the body absorbs, digests, metabolizes, and eliminates the medication

Question 16

Medication dosages are ____ for kids and ______ for old folks

Answer 16

Weight based; based on renal function

Question 17

Liver and kidney disease increase risk for what

Answer 17

Toxicity

Question 18

What are important considerations that should be made when giving someone meds who has liver and renal disfunction?

Answer 18

Measure peak and trough to assure patients are receiving correct dose for therapy

Question 19

Synergistic

Answer 19

2 antibacterial meds given together to destroy the microbe and improve outcomes

Question 20

What causes antagonistic drug interactions

Answer 20

Can be from either other antimicrobials or other routine medications the patient is taking (OTC or prescribed)
- effects depend on the drug involved

Question 21

Antagonistic drug interactions can lead to what?

Answer 21

Diminished drug activity
Decreased therapeutic levels
Increased potential for toxicity

Question 22

What is a nurse going to assess before giving medication?

Answer 22

A. What the patient is taking (rule of 5)
B. Temperature
C. WBC
D. Lung sounds / would assessment / UTI s/s
E. S/s sepsis
F. Other medications that a patient is taking
G. Allergies
— many anti-microbials have cross sensitivities

Question 23

What is the nursing going to keep in mind while administering antimicrobials

Answer 23

They cause GI upset, take with good

Question 24

What is the nursing going to evaluation after giving the patient their medication?

Answer 24

Decreasing s/s infection or worsening s/s of infection

Development of superinfection

Question 25

WBC count = what?

Answer 25

10,000 - 4,000 ???

Question 26

What are important things to look out for after administering meds?

Answer 26

Signs of sepsis
Lactic acid levels
Tachycardia

Question 27

Anaphylaxis

Answer 27

Air ways swelling; keep epi on hand

Question 28

Routes to give epinephrine

Answer 28

IM or IV (best route is IV)

Question 29

What are examples of penicillins

Answer 29

Amoxicillin

Piperacillin / tazobactam

Question 30

Penicillin: administration considerations

Answer 30

• allergies
• culture before first dose
• take with full glass of h2o (no acid juice)
• empty stomach

Question 31

What should you monitor when someone is taking penicillin

Answer 31

INR
Platelets
PT

Question 32

Penicillin decreased the effectiveness of what?

Answer 32

Oral contraception