Unit 3 Flashcards (week 3 Quiz)
Why does resistance occur in medications?
Because we have overused antibiotics, not finished antibiotics, or we have prescribed antibiotics when they are not needed
What do gram stains do?
Help identify the type of bacteria
Narrow spectrum
Only kills one type of bacteria (GP or GN)
— these meds are prescribed when we know EXACTLY what the causative agent is
Broad spectrum
Can treat a wide range of bacteria
— GP and GN
How can we reduce super infections?
Taking probiotics
— yogurt, kombucha, supplements
— these help replenish out bodies natural good flora
Bacteriostatic
Stop the reproduction of bacteria (do not kill)
Bactericidal
Completely kill bacteria
How do antiviral drugs act?
Directly impact interaction and reproduction of the virus
— do not kill the virus
(Patho. - prevent virus from getting on host cell, prevent arrangement of viral parts, etc.)
What do antifungal meds do?
Kill the cells of the fungus and inhibit the reproduction
Many anti-fungal meds are what
Topical
Anti-fungal meds are considered what?
Anti mycotic agents
How many people are infected with a resistance strain of a microbe each year?
2 million
Half life
Rate at which 50% of a drug is eliminated from the plasma
— drugs with half-lives exceeding 12 hours can be given a single dose every 24 hours
Dose of medications are calculated based on what?
Weight and renal function
What are lifespan considerations when prescribing or giving medications to pediatrics
Age and size
— state of development will impact what the body absorbs, digests, metabolizes, and eliminates the medication
Medication dosages are ____ for kids and ______ for old folks
Weight based; based on renal function
Liver and kidney disease increase risk for what
Toxicity
What are important considerations that should be made when giving someone meds who has liver and renal disfunction?
Measure peak and trough to assure patients are receiving correct dose for therapy
Synergistic
2 antibacterial meds given together to destroy the microbe and improve outcomes
What causes antagonistic drug interactions
Can be from either other antimicrobials or other routine medications the patient is taking (OTC or prescribed)
- effects depend on the drug involved
Antagonistic drug interactions can lead to what?
Diminished drug activity
Decreased therapeutic levels
Increased potential for toxicity
What is a nurse going to assess before giving medication?
A. What the patient is taking (rule of 5)
B. Temperature
C. WBC
D. Lung sounds / would assessment / UTI s/s
E. S/s sepsis
F. Other medications that a patient is taking
G. Allergies
— many anti-microbials have cross sensitivities
What is the nursing going to keep in mind while administering antimicrobials
They cause GI upset, take with good
What is the nursing going to evaluation after giving the patient their medication?
Decreasing s/s infection or worsening s/s of infection
Development of superinfection
