Week 6: Respiratory Flashcards
Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Disordered breathing during sleep in which the airway is mechanically obstructed leading to a cessation of airflow
Risk factors include: alcohol use, obesity, upper airway abnormalities
Clinical features of OSA
- Daytime somnolence
- Nocturia
- Witnessed apneas
- Insomnia
- Monring headaches
- Dry mouth
- Cognitive impairment
- Croweded oropharynx
Mallampati score
- assess visibility of ora structures
- Class I is best, Class IIII is worst
Polysomnography
an investigation collecting multiple physiological parameters during sleep.
Includes:
* Pulse Oximetry
* Electroencephalogram (EEG)
* Electro-oculogra (EOG)
* Electromyogram (EMG)
* ECG
* Nasal Pressure Cannula
* Thermocouple
* Microphone
* Thoraco Admonial Bands
Electroencephalogram (EEG)
Records brain’s electrical activity.
Electro-oculogram (EOG)
Tracks eye movement during sleep.
Electromyogram (EMG)
Monitors muscle activity.
Nasal pressure cannula
Measures airflow through the nostrils
Thermocouple
Measures airflow by detecting temperature changes.
Microphone in Polysomnography
Records sounds like snoring during sleep.
Thoraco-abdominal bands
Monitor chest and abdominal movement to assess breathing.
Obstructive apnoea
Complete cessation of airflow due to upper airway resistance and obstruction, characterised by effort to breathe against resistance.
Central apnoea
Complete cessation of airflow due to lack of control from brainstem respiratory centres; caused by medications, cardiac failure, brainstem
disease, or idiopathic in nature.
Type 1 (A) Sensitivity
IgE mediated (Allergic) responses (e.g., anaphylaxis, atopic tetrad)
Type 2 (C) hypersensitivity reactions
Antibody-dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity