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Anatomy Course : ) > Week 6 Lecure 1 > Flashcards

Week 6 Lecure 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Give examples of somatic nerves

A

tibial nerve, somatic nerve, muscucutaneous
- jointed to your muscles, your muscles are voluntary

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2
Q

What is the autonomic nervous system?

A

Innervates the organs, don’t have to think about

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3
Q

What type of nervous system is the skeletal nervous system?

A

Motor somatic

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4
Q

Autonomic nervous system meaning

A

going to the organs, visceral from the organs to the central nervouss ystem

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5
Q

a

A

Nervous system. Body’s communication for the brain, spinal cord and nerves

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6
Q

b

A

Somatic nervous system: voluntary conscious things

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7
Q

c

A

Visceral nervous system, autonomic nervous system that controls involuntary functions of the internal organs, such as the heart, lungs, and digestive organs, regulating processes like heart rate, digestion, and breathing without conscious effort.

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8
Q

d

A

Sensory Afferent in the somatic. carry information from the body to the brain. somatic so carry voluntary information from the body to the brain
- includes skin and joints

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9
Q

e

A

Motor for somatic nervous system. Send signals out from the brain to the organs that are voluntary. skeletal muscle

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10
Q

f

A

Sensory Afferent for Visceral. Information arrives back the brain that is involuntary.

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11
Q

g

A

Motor Efferent. Sending signals from the brain to the organ. Smooth muscle
- smooth muscle lines your digestive tract, lining of stomach, bladder, sweat glands
, cardiac muscle and glands
- don’t have to think about controlling your heart, it does it on it’s own

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12
Q

h

A

Sympathetic (fight or flight)
- visceral because it is involuntary and it is motor because it is sending information to the organs

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13
Q

i

A

parasympathetic. motor because it is sending information out to the organs that is involuntary (visceral).
- slow things down

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14
Q

Green

A

Central nervous system (brain and spinal cord)

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15
Q

Pink

A

Peripheral nervous system (cranial, spinal nerves, ganglia)

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16
Q

Ganglion

A

collection of nerve cell bodies outisde of the central nervous system

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17
Q

Explain

A

The left circle represents the cell body of a neuron, it resides in the central nervous system and then send its axon out along one of these spinal nerves.
In the autonomic nervous system, it’s a two chain synpase.
Post ganglion will go to the target tissue. Ganglion is in the peripheral nervous system.

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18
Q

Brainstem

A

Orgins of the neurons can be found here.
- brain stem is highly conserved across species.
- it controls basic functions like your heart rate, breathing, things that all organisms have to do

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19
Q

Where does the sympathetic nervous system start?

A

spinal segments (T1-L2)(thocacolumbar orgin)

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20
Q

Where does Parasympathetic start?

A

Spinal segments (S2-S4) Parasympathetic(cranial-sacral origin)

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21
Q

What is the route of the sympathetic nervous system?

A

Preganglion fibres leave the spinal cord (white ramus) from T1 to L2, they synapse at a ganglion

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22
Q

What is the sympathetic chain/trunk?

A
  • string of beads (looks like), post ganglion that go to the target organs
    1. Synpase at entry level
    2. Synapse above or below entry level
    3. Pass without synapsing and synapse at prevertebral ganglia or adrenal medulla
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23
Q

Prevertebral ganglion

A

Come after the sympathetic trunk in the signaling process and focus on controlling the functions of abdominal organs

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24
Q

Anterior Root

A

Carries motor signals from the spinal cord to muscles

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25
Q

Posterior Root

A

Carries sensory signals from the body to the spinal cord

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26
Q

Spinal nerve

A

When the anterior nerves (motor) root and posterior nerves (sensory) combine allowing it to send and receive signals movements join together

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27
Q

a

A

posterior ramus

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28
Q

b

A

Anterior root

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29
Q

c

A

paravertebral ganglion

30
Q

d

A

white ramus

31
Q

e

A

spinal nerve

32
Q

f

A

gray ramus

33
Q

g

A

anterior ramus

34
Q

h

A

peripheral target

35
Q

preganglionic target

A

peirpheral target

36
Q

i

A

preganglionic

37
Q

j

A

postgangiolnic

38
Q

Paravertebral

A
  • ## part of the sympathetic chain, where the postganglion sit and synpase
39
Q

Sympathetic paravertebral trunk overview

A
  • both sides of spine, connected to a series of ganglion (nerve cell clusters)
  • part of the sympathetic nervous system (fight or flight)
  • highway for sending
40
Q

Which type of nerves does the sympathetic paravertebral trunk carry?

A

part of the autonomic nervous system, sympathetic.
- involuntary fight or flight, only for motor signals (sending signals from the brain to the organs, muscles and glands)
- mostly motor

41
Q

what are the C2 to C8 for?

A

For the peripheral distribution of ascending sympathetics

42
Q

what are the L3-Co

A

For the peripheral distribution of descending sympathetics?

43
Q

white ramus

A
  • spinal nerve to the sympathetic ganglia
  • preganglionic motor signal
  • sympathetic nervous system (fight or flight)
44
Q

Gray Ramus

A

From the sympathetic ganglia
- postganglionic

45
Q

What is the order of the sympathetic paravertebral trunk sequence of how a nerve travels?

A
  1. White Ramus: carries signal from the spinal cord to the sympathetic ganglia.
  2. now the signal in the ganglion can stay at the ganglion or travel up or down the sympathetic trunk (to another ganglion)
  3. Gray Ramus: after being processed by the ganglion, carries it back to the spinal nerve. Travels to the target organ
46
Q

What vertebral levels would you expect to find the white rami communicans?

A

White is bringing sympathetic fibers into the sympathetic paravertebral trunks. T1 to L2

47
Q

What vertebral levels would you expect to find grey rami comunicans?

A

everywhere, all levels that you have spinal nerves

48
Q

Paravertebral

A

paravertebral: on either side of the vertebral body (sympathetic chain)

49
Q

prevertebral plexus

A

sits on the aorta and down on the sacrum

50
Q

Visceral target in Abdominopelvic cavity

A
  • come from lower levels T5-L2
  • not going to synapse at the ganglion
  • can’t ve considered grey ramus, own thing
  • call them abdomial and lumbar splanchnic nerve
  • these are still preganglionic so they have to synapse on the preganglionic synapses
  • our L2 comes into the sympathetic chain, goes way down and leaves without synapsing here
51
Q

Adrenal gland

A
  • sit on top of kidneys
  • core of it is called the adrenal medulla, it has special cells in it that release adrenaline and noradrenaline that stimulate your body when you need fight or flight response
  • ## synapse on the adrenal medulla cells
52
Q

Ways of travelling

A
  • Sympathetic nerves that come at the sweat glands and go to target
  • go up or go down at the ganglion in the sympathetic chain
  • nerves that go to the abdomen and the pelvis and not synapse and leave via splanchnic nerve and synapse on the ganglion that sit on the aorta
53
Q

Head/Neck

A
  • sympathetics passing into the head have preganglion fibres emerging from the spinal cord at T1
  • These fibres synapse in the superior cervical ganglion
  • fibres continue to travel along blood vessels (internal carotid artery) to targert tissues
54
Q

superior, middle, and inferior cervical ganglia

A
  • top one, located near teh base of the skull. helps control the eyes, face and blood vessels in the head.
  • middle of the neck, helps regulate the neck and blood vessels in the neck and upper chest
  • found in the bottom of the neck, helps control the heart, lungs and arms
55
Q

Where does the innervation of the thoracic and cervical visera come from?

A

Levels T1 to T5

56
Q

where is the paravertebral ganglion?

A
  • at the sympathetic chain/trunk
  • prevertebral ganglion is outside
57
Q

what are splanchnic nerves?

A

Preganglionic nerves, carry signals from the spinal cord to a ganglions in the stomach, intestines and kidneys. Post ganglion are located near or on the organs they control.

58
Q

Sympathetic Nervous System

A
  • dilates eyes, increases sweating, stop salivary glands
59
Q

what is special about the adrenal medulla?

A

passing through the sympathetic trunk (chain) ganglion and then going directly to the medulla

60
Q

Parasympathetic

A

CN III: Oculomotor nerve
CN VII: Facial nerve
CN IX: Glossopharyngeal nerve
CN X: Vagus Nerve

  • synapse very close to the target structures
61
Q

What does CN III do?

A

Oculomotor nerve, allow them to move the eye, close eyes

62
Q

CN VII

A

are for your submanicular and sublingual gland, parasympathetic

63
Q

glossopharyngeal nerve

A

parotid salivary gland, parasympathetic

64
Q

CN X Vagus nerve

A

parasympathetic doesn’t do anything in the head, it will leave and go to the heart and abdomen and ends at the transverse colon

Sacral nerve will finish innervating the digestive tract where the vagus nerve left off

65
Q

Length of parasympathetic and sympathetic

A

Sympathetic have short preganglionic fibres and long post
Parasympathetic have long preganglionic and short postganglionic

66
Q

Visceral sensory receptors for

A
  • General visceral receptors monitor stretch, temperature, chemical changes and irritation within the visceral organs
  • The brain interprets this information as feelings of hunger, fullness, pain and nausea
67
Q

where are the cell bodies of visceral organs found

A

cells bodies are found in the dorsal root ganglia and in the sensory ganglia of the cranial nerves

68
Q

a

A

greater splanchnic

69
Q

b

A

lesser planchnic nerve

70
Q

c

A

least splanchnic

71
Q

d

A

lumbar splanchnic

72
Q

e

A

sacral splanchnic

Anatomy Course : ) (10 decks)

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