Week 6 Lecture 2 Flashcards
1
Q
Arteries
A
away from the heart
2
Q
Viens
A
blood towards the heart
3
Q
Capillaries
A
connect arteries and veins
4
Q
What does the right of the heart do?
A
take in oxygen poor blood and push it towards the lungs to get oxygenated and come back
- pulmonary circulation or pulmonary circuit for blood vessels that are going to the lungs and back from the lungs
5
Q
What does the left side of the heart do?
A
- recieve oxygenated rich blood
- pump it away from the heart and towards the body tissues
- systematic circuit or the systematic circulation
6
Q
What is the third circuit?
A
How the blood is going to circulate through the heart muscle itself
7
Q
Location where we hold the heart
A
Middle mediastinum
8
Q
What the borders of the heart?
A
- Lateral border: lungs
- Anterior border: sternum (breastbone, is a flat, elongated bone located in the center of the chest)
- Inferior border: Diaphragm (help us breath)
- Superior border: sternal angle (top of your sternum, fourth or fifth vertebrae T4,T5)
- Posteriorly: Esophagus
9
Q
a
A
Superior vena cava
10
Q
b
A
Aorta
11
Q
c
A
Parietal pleura (cut)
12
Q
d
A
Pulmonary trunk
13
Q
e
A
Left Lung
14
Q
f
A
Pericardium (cut)
15
Q
g
A
Apex of heart
pointed tip at the bottom of the heart. It points downwards and slightly to the left,
16
Q
h
A
Diaphragm
17
Q
a
A
Atrial septum
18
Q
b
A
Bicuspid
19
Q
c
A
Ventricular Septum
20
Q
d
A
Tricuspid Valve
21
Q
e
A
Right atrium
22
Q
f
A
Right ventricle
23
Q
g
A
Left atrium
24
Q
h
A
Left venticle
25
Coronary Vessels:
on the surface of heart, supplying and draining the heart muscle
Coronary Arteries: Carry oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle (to keep it healthy).
Coronary Veins: Carry oxygen-poor blood away from the heart muscle back to the heart.
Simple Breakdown:
Arteries → Away from the heart (to organs or muscles).
26
Adipose tissue
- yellow stuff,
- protecting the heart, adding extra layer of cushioning around it
Visceral fat is a type of fat that is stored inside your abdomen, around important organs like the liver, pancreas, and intestines.
27
a
superior vena cava
Blood Flow to the Heart: The superior vena cava carries oxygen-poor blood from the upper body back to the right atrium of the heart. This blood is returning from all parts of the body after delivering oxygen and picking up waste products.
Next Step to the Lungs: From the right atrium, the blood then moves to the right ventricle, which pumps it to the lungs via the pulmonary arteries. In the lungs, the blood gets rid of carbon dioxide and picks up oxygen, becoming oxygen-rich again.
Summary:
Superior Vena Cava: Brings oxygen-poor blood back to the heart from the body.
Heart to Lungs: The heart then sends that blood to the lungs to get oxygen.
28
b
right auricle of right atrium
The right auricle is a small flap on the outside of the right atrium of the heart. It helps hold extra blood that comes back to the heart from the body.
29
c
right ventricle
The right ventricle is one of the heart's chambers that pumps oxygen-poor blood to the lungs. It receives blood from the right atrium and sends it to the lungs to get oxygen.
30
d
mediastinum
31
e
aorta
The aorta is the largest artery in the body. It carries oxygen-rich blood from the heart to all parts of the body.
32
f
left lung
33
g
fat in epicardium
epicardium is the outer layer of the heart. It helps protect the heart
34
h
rib 5
35
i
Pericardium
The pericardium is a thin, protective sac that surrounds the heart. It helps keep the heart in place and reduces friction as the heart beats.
36
j
apex of heart
37
What is the pericardium?
3 layers that are going to completely enclose the heart
- continuous layer and no openings within it
38
myocardium
thick middle layer of the heart made of muscle. It is responsible for contracting and pumping blood throughout the body.
39
a
Fibrous pericardium
- dense connective tissue that's going to protect the heart and hold in place and to keep it from overfilling
- if something is wrong, we don't want to just to get bigger and bigger and bigger
tough, outer layer of the pericardium that surrounds the heart. It helps protect the heart and keeps it in place within the chest.
40
b
Parietal layer of serous pericardium
41
c
Pericardial cavity
42
d
Epicardium (visercal layer of serous pericardium)
43
Inferior border of the fibrous pericardium
adhere the heart to our inferior border of the middle mediastinum
44
What is the middle mediastimum?
middle mediastinum is the space in your chest between your lungs. It holds the heart and big blood vessels that carry blood to and from the heart.
45
Superior border of the fibrous pericardium
Adhere the heart to the great vessels
The great vessels are big tubes that carry blood to and from the heart. They include the aorta, which sends blood to the body, and the superior and inferior vena cavae, which bring blood back to the heart.
46
What is the serous pericardium
The serous pericardium is a thin, smooth layer that surrounds the heart and helps reduce friction as the heart beats. It has two parts: the outer layer (parietal pericardium) and the inner layer (visceral pericardium), which is also called the epicardium.
47
What is the pericardial cavity?
- pariteal and visceral are continuous with each other but there is a space bewteen
The space between the parietal layer of serous pericardium and visceral (epicardium) layer of serous pericardium
48
Fluid in the serous pericardium
- releasing serous fluid
- preventing the parietal and epicardium (visceral) from rubbing against each other
49
What is cardiac Tamponade?
- increased serous fluid within that pericardial sac or pericardial cavity
- fibrous pericardium is a tough outer layer that stops the heart from overfilling
- can't push towards the fiborus pericardium, start pushing in wards
- compressing the heart can affect how much it can fill and how wide it can expand to take in blood
- if the heart is taking in a bit of blood at a time, the body still needs the same amount of blood, then the heart's going to work overtime to compensate for how much it got shrunk down
50
Causes for cardiac Tampondade
- Inflection, inflammation
- inflammation is called pericarditis
51
a
superior vena cava
- drain all of the blood superior to the heart (arms, head, neck) to the heart, it is a vein
The superior vena cava is a big vein that carries oxygen-poor blood from the upper part of your body, like your head and arms, back to the heart. It brings this blood to the right atrium, which is one of the heart's chambers.
52
d
Inferior vena cava
- drain everything inferior to the heart, thorax, abdomen, trunk
The thorax is the part of your body between your neck and your stomach. It contains important organs like the heart and lungs, and it's protected by the ribs
The inferior vena cava is a large vein that carries oxygen-poor blood from the lower part of your body, like your legs and abdomen, back to the heart. It also brings this blood to the right atrium of the heart.
53
e
aorta
- has three subcomponents to the thorax
- ascending (anterior)
- aortic arch
- descending (posterior)
* from the anterior view, we should be able to see the ascending aorta and also the arch of the aorta
largest artery in your body. It carries oxygen-rich blood from the heart to all parts of the body.
54
what is the purpose of the aorta?
continue all the way down to the thorax and going to continue to into the abdomen itself. it gives off oxygenated and nutrient rich blood.
55
f
Pulmonary trunk
- splits into the left pulmonary artery and right, going to the lungs
large blood vessel that carries oxygen-poor blood from the heart to the lungs. It splits into two smaller arteries, one for each lung, so the blood can get oxygen.
56
b
right atrium
chamber of the heart that receives oxygen-poor blood from the body through the superior and inferior vena cavae. It then sends this blood to the right ventricle, which pumps it to the lungs to get oxygen.
57
g
left atrium
chamber of the heart that receives oxygen-rich blood from the lungs through the pulmonary veins. It then sends this blood to the left ventricle, which pumps it out to the rest of the body.
58
d
right ventricle
chamber of the heart that pumps oxygen-poor blood to the lungs. It receives blood from the right atrium and sends it to the lungs to get oxygen.
* most of the anterior view
59
g
left ventricle
chamber of the heart that pumps oxygen-rich blood to the entire body. It receives blood from the left atrium and has thick walls to push the blood out with strong force.
60
a
Pulmonary arteries
- if it was continuing down, it would the descending aorta
carry oxygen-poor blood from the right ventricle of the heart to the lungs. They split into two arteries, one going into each lung where teh blood gets oxygen
61
b
Left atrium
- receives oxygen-rich blood from the lungs through the pulmonary veins. Sends this blood to the left ventricle, which pumps it out to the rest of teh body
62
d
Left ventricle
pumps oxygen-rich blood to the entire body. Receives blood from the left atrium and has thick muscular walls to push the blood out with strong force through the aorta.
63
e
aortic arch
curved part of the aorta that connects the ascending aorta to the descending aorta. Branches out to supply oxygen rich blood to the head, neck, arms and other parts of the body
64
f
superior vena cava
carries oxygen-poor blood from the upper body including the head, neck and arms, back to the heart. Delivers this blood to the right atrium
65
h
inferior vena cava
a large vein that carries oxygen-poor blood from the lower body, including the legs and abdomen, back to the heart. It delivers this blood to the right atrium, which is one of the heart's chambers
66
i
right ventricle
pumps oxygenated poor-blood to the lungs, receives this blood from the right atrium and sends it through the pulmonary arterires to the lungs, where the blood gets oxygen
67
c
Coronary sinus
a large vein that collects oxygen-poor blood from the heart muscle itself. It gathers blood from smaller veins and drains it into the right atrium of the heart, where the blood can then be sent to the lungs to get oxygen.
68
g
pulmonary veins
- blood vessels that carry oxygen-rich blood from the lungs back to the heart
- There are four pulmonary veins-two from each lung-that deliver this oxygenated blood to the left atrium, where it is then sent to the left ventricle for distribution to the rest of the body
69
a
aorta
70
b
superior vena cava
71
c
right atrium
72
d
right ventricle
73
e
left ventricle
74
f
pulmonary trunk
75
First flow of blood
Superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, coronary sinus
- going to bring back oxygenated poor blood into the heart
76
Second blood flow
- dump that oxygen poor blood into the right atrium (from the superior vena cava, inferior vena cava and coronary sinus) , which is the first chamber
77
Third blood flow
- take the oxygen-poor blood (from the superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, and coronary sinus) which went to the right atrium and now it goes to the right ventricle
78
Fourth blood flow
- take the oxygen-poor blood (came from the superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, coronary sinus) went to the right atrium, then right ventricle, then pulmonary trunk/arteries
- the pulmonary trunk splits off into left and right
79
Fifth flow of blood
oxygen-poor blood (from the superior vena cava, inferior vena cava and coronary sinus) goes to the right atrium, then right ventricle, then to the pulmonary trunk/arteries that get divided in two to each of the lungs
80
Sixth flow of blood
oxygen-poor blood (from the superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, coronary sinus) goes to the right atrium, then right ventricle, then to pulmonary trunk/arteries, which divide into two pulmonary arteries that go to each lung on each side, then the blood comes back from each side of the lungs via the pulmonary veins (4 of them, two from each side)
* typically within the body, the arteries are going to carry oxygenated blood and the veins are going to carry deoxygenated blood. But the pulmonary circuit is the only place in the body that we're going to see an exception to this rule
81
Seventh flow of blood
oxygen-poor blood (from the superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, coronary sinus) goes to the right atrium, then right ventricle, then into the pulmonary artery (then divides into left and right pulmonary arteries), goes into the lungs, comes through the 4 pulmonary veins (2 on each side) to the left atrium
82
Eight flow of blood
oxygenated-poor blood (comes from the superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, coronary sinus) goes to the right atrium, then the right ventricle, then the pulmonary artery/trunk (which divides into two pulmonary arteries one for each lung), then goes to lung, comes back from lung into 4 pulmonary veins (2 from each side), then into left atrium, then into the left ventricle
83
Ninth flow of blood
oxygenated-poor blood comes (from the superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, coronary sinus), goes to the right atrium, then right ventricle, the blood then goes to the pulmonary artery/trunk (these divide into two each one to each lung), the blood comes back from the lung (it is oxygenated blood) through the pulmonary veins (4 veins in total 2 on each side), then go to the left atrium, these go to the left venticle, then to the aorta which goes to the body
- once the body uses the oxygen, it gives the nasty deoxygenated blood back to the veins taht are going to bring back through the SVC< IVC and coronary artery
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