Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

N1I02 > Week 6 - Growth & Development: Theoretical & Health Considerations > Flashcards

Week 6 - Growth & Development: Theoretical & Health Considerations Flashcards

1
Q

People progress through phases of growth and development at a highly _______ rate.

A

People progress through phases of growth and development at a highly individualized rate.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Understanding typical growth and development helps nurses to ______, ______, and _____ any changes from patients’ expected patterns.

A

Understanding typical growth and development helps nurses to predict, prevent, and detect any changes from patients’ expected patterns.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Growth

A

A quantitative and measurable aspect of an individual’s increase in physical measurements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Indicators of growth

A

Changes in height, weight, teeth, skeletal structures, and sexual characteristics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Influences on growth

A
  • Genetic
  • Other contextual factors
    - eg. socioeconomic status
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Development

A

A progressive and continuous process of change leading to increased skill and capacity to function

  • Qualitative in nature, and difficult to measure
  • Has certain predictable characteristics
    - eg. simple to complex, general to specific
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is development the result of?

A

The result of complex interactions between biological and environmental influences

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the 3 major categories of factors that influence human growth and development?

A

Genetic or natural factors
- Heredity, temperament

Environmental factors
- Family, peer group, health environment, nutrition, rest/sleep/exercise, living environment, policy and political environment

Interacting factors
- Life experiences, prenatal health, state of health

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is a theory?

A

An organized, often observable, logical set of statements about a subject.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are human developmental theories models intended for?

A

Human developmental theories are models intended to account for how and why people develop as they do

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How do developmental theories help nurses?

A

Theories help nurses assess and treat a patient’s response to illness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the focus in cognitive development theories?

A

Focus is on reasoning and thinking processes, including the changes in how people perform intellectual operations
- These operations are related to the ways people learn to understand the world in which they live.

  • Mental processes, including perceiving, reasoning, remembering, and believing, affect certain types of emotional behaviour
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What does Piaget’s theory of cognitive development address?

A

Addresses the development of children’s intellectual organization and how they think, reason, perceive, and make meaning of the physical world

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

4 stages of Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Development

A

Sensorimotor (birth to 2 years of age)
- Importance of exploring their environment

Preoperational (2 to 7 years of age)
- Use of play to understand events
- Development of language

Concrete operations (7 to 11 years of age)
- Performing mental operations, appreciate other perspectives, cooperation

Formal operations (11 years to adulthood)
- Thinking becomes more abstract and theoretical, able to reason, make decisions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are nursing implications of Piaget’s cognitive development theory?

A
  • Stress importance of infants exploring their environment to foster motor and cognitive development
  • Use of play for children as a means of processing and understanding the world around them
  • Encourage children’s active participation in chores around the house
  • Increase adolescent involvement in decision making about health care
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Moral reasoning

A

How people think about the rules of ethical or moral conduct, but it does not predict what a person would actually do in a given situation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Moral development

A

The ability of an individual to distinguish right from wrong and to develop ethical values on which to base his or her actions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What 2 theories describe the development of moral reasoning

A

Piaget’s theory of moral development

Kohlberg’s theory of moral development

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

3 stages in Piaget’s Theory of Moral Development

A

Premoral stage
- No obligation to follow rules

Conventional stage
- Children follow rules set by people of authority

Autonomous stage
- Judgements and choices based on respect for rules
- Consideration of consequences of a moral decision

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

When does moral maturity result?

A

Moral maturity results when relationships and circumstances are weighed in decision making

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

How many stages & levels of development in Kohlberg’s Theory of Moral Development?

A

6 stages at 3 different levels of development

22
Q

A child’s _____ development does not advance if the child’s ______ development does not also mature

A

A child’s moral development does not advance if the child’s cognitive development does not also mature

23
Q

3 levels of development in Kohlberg’s Theory of Moral Development

A

Preconventional level
- Moral reasoning relates to consequences that will occur

Conventional level
- Moral reasoning based on internalization of societal expectations and relationships with others

Postconventional level
- Balance between human rights and obligations and societal rules and regulations; define own moral values and principles

Levels and stages do not occur at specific ages; people attain different levels of moral development

24
Q

What two psychoanalytic and psychosocial theories describe the development of personality, thinking, behaviour and emotions?

A

Freud’s psychosexual theory
Erikson’s theory of eight stages of life

25
Psychosexual theory
- A formal, structured theory of personality development - Sigmund Freud - The id, ego, and superego regulate behaviour. - Freud’s goal was to promote successful participation in society through the development of balance between pleasure-seeking drives and societal pressures
26
Psychosexual developmental stages
Stage 1: Oral (birth to 12–18 months of age) Stage 2: Anal (12–18 months to 3 years of age) Stage 3: Phallic or Oedipal (3 to 6 years of age) Stage 4: Latency (6 to 12 years of age) Stage 5: Genital (puberty through adulthood)
27
Psychosocial model
- Erik Erikson - Covered the whole lifespan, not just childhood and adolescence - 8 stages - Each stage builds upon the successful resolution of the previous developmental conflict
28
8 stages in the psychosocial theory by Erik Erikson
1. Infant - trust vs mistrust 2. Toddler - autonomy vs shame & doubt 3. Pre-schooler - initiative vs guilt 4. Grade-schooler - industry vs inferiority 5. Teenager - identity vs role confusion 6. Young adult - intimacy vs isolation 7. Middle-age adult - generativity vs stagnation 8. Older adult - integrity vs despair Increase in complexity
29
____ single theory successfully describes all aspects of growth and development
No single theory successfully describes all aspects of growth and development
30
Nurses need to consider an individual’s development within the context of ______, _______ _____________, ___________, and the _______ _________
Nurses need to consider an individual’s development within the context of families, social relationships, communities, and the larger society
31
How do developmental theories help nurses?
Help the nurse use critical thinking skills to consider how and why people respond as they do
32
What does Gordon's functional health patterns provide?
Provides context/framework for collecting data about the person and most life processes Assists nurses to identify actual or potential problems, and to intervene more effectively
33
Nursing Considerations Neonates & infants
Major Stressors: - Separation, strangers Nurturance: - Trust and dependence Health considerations: - Sleep, immunizations, accidental injury, growth, sleep
34
Implications for Neonates & infants
- Have parent present - Familiar objects, routine - Cuddling/skin to skin - Opportunities for play - Sucking (sucrose, breastfeeding) - Safety and injury prevention: SIDS, water safety, aspiration/choking, falls, burns, poisoning
35
Nursing considerations Toddler: 1-3 years
Major Stressors: - Separation, strangers, fear of bodily harm Routine, control --> tantrums Safety: - motor skills develop more quickly than intellectual; risks with car safety, drowning, poisoning, burns, falls, choking, bodily damage
36
Implications for Toddler: 1-3 years old
- Have parent present - Explain what you are doing - Give options (i.e. right arm or left arm vs can take your BP?) - Familiar objects
37
Nursing considerations Preschool: 3-6 years old
Major Stressors: - fear of bodily harm, loss of control (give choices) Imagination, development of sense of self, learning through imitation Increased socialization with peers Growth slows, starts to lose teeth
38
Implications Preschool: 3-6 years old
- Have parent present - Appropriate choices - Simple explanations - Assess nutrition, sleep, vision
39
Nursing considerations School-age child: 6-11 years
Logical thinking, developing a sense of competence (concrete operations) Interests outside the family/increased socialization Increased hand/eye coordination Puberty (girls faster than boys) Major stressors: pain, bodily harm, separation
40
Implications School-age child: 6-11 years
- Provide privacy - Include the child in decision making - Always be honest when explaining procedures - Discussions about sexuality, bullying, online safety, substance abuse
41
Nursing considerations Adolescent: 12-19 years old
Increasing physical maturity Desire for independence, creating own identity Peer > family Abstract thinking/unpredictable behaviour patterns Major Stressors: lack of independence, self-esteem Health Risks: suicide, substance abuse, eating disorders, obesity, sexual experimentation
42
Implications Adolescent: 12-19 years old
- Privacy - Autonomy - Reassurance/feedback - Normalize/validate - Allow open communication
43
Nursing considerations Young adult: 18 - mid/late 30's
- Growth complete - Increased critical thinking - Refined self perception/social identity - Career and family development - Health Risks: occupational hazards, lifestyle factors, mental health
44
Implications Young adult: 18 - mid/late 30's
- Preventative healthcare - Peer supports - Routine health screening
45
Nursing considerations Adult: 35-65 years old
- Declining physical abilities and reproduction - Minimal cognitive change - Midlife crisis
46
Implications Adult: 35-65 years
- Encourage evaluation of health behaviours - Stress reduction - Participation in health assessment
47
Nursing considerations Older adult: 65+ years old
- Aging is variable - Aging does not = disability and dependence - Decline in functional abilities - Increasing chronic conditions - Lifelong learning -> changes in the way they learn but not decline - Ageism= discrimination against older adults
48
Implications Older adult: 65+ years old
- Increased need for social (i.e. prevent/address isolation) and healthcare programs - Avoid pet names “i.e. cute, dear” - Use concrete learning strategies - Challenge stereotypes
49
What is the cognitive development theory called?
Piaget's theory of cognitive development
50
What are the moral developmental theories called?
Piaget's theory of moral development Kohlberg's theory of moral development
51
What is the psychoanalytic theory called?
Freud's psychosexual theory
52
What is the psychosocial theory called?
Erikson's theory of eight stages of life

N1I02 (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions