Week 6 - Cardiovascular System

Question 1

What is cardiology?

Answer 1

study of the heart; clinical evaluation and treatment of disorders.
* a closed system
* the heart is a hollow muscular bad that pumps blood
* blood vessels allow blood to circulate the body and return to the heart

Question 2

What is the function of the cardiovascular system?

Answer 2

primarily to deliver oxygen and nutrients and remove carbon dioxide and other waste

Question 3

Blood circulation

Answer 3

1. pulmonary circulation
2. system circulation
3. coronary circulation

Question 4

Ststemic Circuit

Answer 4

1. the left side of the heart pumps blood into the aorta
2. oxygen-rich blood is distributed to the body
3. also picks up carbon dioxide from tissues
4. returns oxygen-poor blood to the right side of the heart

Question 5

what is the heart?

Answer 5

1. in the thoracic cavity in the mediastinum, between the lungs and deep to the sternum
2. tilted slightly to the left
3. broad superior portion is called the base
4. inferior end tapers to a point called the apex
5. roughly the size of a persons fist

Question 6

What is the pericardium?

Answer 6

• double-walled sac enfolding the heart
• reduces friction
• isolates the heart from other thoracic organs

Question 7

Layers of the heart wall

Answer 7

1. epicardium
2. myocardium
3. endocardium

Question 8

Epicardium

Answer 8

this layer is also the viscera pericardium

Question 9

Myocardium

Answer 9

• middle layer
• cardiomyocytes
• muscles cells of the heart
• short, striated cells
• single, centrally placed nucleus
• ends are slightly branched
• makes atp almost exclusively from aerobic respiration

Question 10

Endocardium

Answer 10

inner endothelium

Question 11

External Heart Anatomy
Fibrous Skeleton

Answer 11

connective tissue framework of the heart.
Concentrated in the wall between the atria and ventricles and forms rings around the valves

Question 12

Heart Chambers

Answer 12

• 4 chambers
• right and left side act as seperate pumps
• atria
• ventricles

Question 13

Atria

Answer 13

1. receiving chambers
2. thin-walled due to light workload
3. only need to pump blood to the ventricles
4. right atrium, left atrium

Question 14

Ventricles

Answer 14

1. discharging chambers
2. thick walls
3. eject blood into arteries, keeping it flowing around the body
4. right ventricle, left ventricle

Question 15

Heart Vessels

Answer 15

1. Aorta - leaves left ventricle
2. Pulmonary Artery - leave right ventricle
3. Vena Cava - enters right atrium
4. Pulmonary Veins(4) - Enter left atrium

Question 16

Cardiac Cycle

Answer 16

Systole - when the chambers contract
Diastole - when chambers are relaxed

Question 17

Cardiac Output

Answer 17

Cardiac output - amount of blood pumped by each side of the heart in 1min
Stroke volume - volume of blood pumped by each ventricle in once contraction

Question 18

Blood vessels

Answer 18

1. arteries
2. arterioles
3. capillaries
4. venules
5. veins

takes blood to the tissues and back

Question 19

Arteries

Answer 19

Tunica interna - simple squamous epithelium known as endothelium

tunica media - circular smooth muscle & elastic fibres

Tunica Externa - elastic & collagen fibres

Question 20

Veins

Answer 20

1. lumens of veins are larger
2. skeletal muscle ‘milks’ blood in veins toward the heart
3. have no blood pressure in them so need valves and skeletal muscles to return blood to the heart
4. valves are thin folds of tunica interna designed to prevent backflow

Question 21

Pulse

Answer 21

• Pulse - pressure wave of blood
• monitored at “pressure points” where pulse is easily palpated

Question 22

Blood Pressure

Answer 22

• measurements by health professionals are made on the pressure in large arteries
• systolic - pressure at the peak of ventricular contraction
• diastolic - pressure when ventricles relax
• pressure in blood vessels decreases as the distance away from the heart increases