Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ABSN NUR 326 > Week 6: Cardiovascular Pharmacology > Flashcards

Week 6: Cardiovascular Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

Which classes of drugs are to relieve stable angina?

A

nitrates, beta blockers, calcium channel blockers, and ranolazine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What class of drugs is to reduce stable angina?

A

lipid lowering drug, Aspirin, or clopidogrel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What class of drugs is used to improve morbidity and mortality with stable angina?

A

ACE and ARBs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the first line meds for stable angina?

A

beta blocker OR CCB
AND
Nitrates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

MOA of nitroglycerin

A

dilates veins and decreases preload

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

S/E of nitroglycerin

A

vasodilation, headache, hypotension, reflex tachycardia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What routes are offered with nitroglycerin?

A

sublingual, translingual, intravenous, patch, ointment, and oral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What routes are considered rapid acting nitro?

A

sublingual, translingual and IV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what routes are considered short acting nitro?

A

skin patch and ointment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What routes are considered long acting nitro?

A

sublingual or oral isosorbide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is important pt education when taking nitroglyceirn?

A

If pain is not relieved in 5 minutes call 911

and dont take more than 3 doses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What drugs interact with nitoglycerin?

A

sindenafil/Viagra, antihypertensive, and ETOH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

MOA of ranolazine

A

unknown? possibly helps the cardiac muscles use energy more efficiently

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

S/E of ranolazine

A

prolonged QT interval acute renal failure, and liver cirrhosis

headache, dizziness, nausea and constipation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Is ranolazine a CYP340 inhibitor or inducer?

A

inhibitor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what should be avoided when taking ranolazine?

A

grapefruit juice and other CYP340 inhibitor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

MOA for RASS inhibitors : ACE ARB and ARNI (in regards to heart failure)

A

decrease preload and afterload, suppresses aldosterone and favorably impact cardiac remodeling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Which RAAS inhibitor is seen as the best?

A

ARNI, Sacubitril/valsartan

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

S/E of RAAS inhibitors

A

hypotension, hyperkalemia, and cough

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What beta blocker is used for heart failure?

A

carvedilol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

MOA for carvedilol

A

protect against SNS activation and dysrhythmias, reverses cardiac remodeling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

S/E of carvedilol

A

fluid retention, fatigue, hypotension, bradycardia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Why do we use spironolactone in heart failure?

A

the suppression of sodium and water retention to help with offloading the left ventricle

24
Q

What SLG2 inhibitor is used in heart failure?

A

dapagliflozin

25
Q

MOA for dapagliflozin

A

not well understood in HF

thought to help with ventricular unloading through osmotic diuresis without depleting volume

26
Q

What diuretic is used with heart failure?

A

loop, furosemide

27
Q

S/E of furosemide

A

hypokalemia, hypotension, and digoxin toxicity

28
Q

What class is digitalis (digoxin)?

A

cardiac glycosides

29
Q

What does positive inotropic effect mean?

A

if we can increase the contractility of the heart muscle then we can increase the force of contraction, and thus increasing the cardiac output

30
Q

MOA of digitalis

A

inhibits sodium-potassium ATP pump channel causing calcium to collect within the cells of the heart helping to increase myocardial contractility

31
Q

What does increasing myocardial contractility do?

A

increase blood flow to the kidneys
decrease sympathetic action
increase parasympathetic action
decreases heart rate

32
Q

S/E of digitalis

A

cardiac dysrhythmias and digitalis toxicity

33
Q

who is at highest risk for digitalis toxicity?

A

age, women and combination drugs (diuretic therapy)

34
Q

How to prevent digitalis toxicity?

A

reduced dose, periodic monitoring of levels, and supplemental potassium

35
Q

S/S of digitalis toxicity

A

bradycardia, headache, dizziness, confusion, nausea and blurry/yellow vision

36
Q

What does the nurse need to do before giving digoxin?

A

take apical pulse for one minute

don’t give if pulse is less than 60 and monitor cardiac rhythm

37
Q

What is the antidote for digitalis toxicity?

A

digoxin immune dab (given IV)

38
Q

MOA of amiodarone

A

prolongs the action potential duration and the effective refractory period in all cardiac tissue
blocks alpha and beta adrenergic receptors in the SNS

39
Q

What is amiodarone usually used for?

A

PSVT, ventricular dysrhythmias, afib with RVR

40
Q

S/E of amiodarone

A

pulmonary toxicity, thyroid alterations, corneal microdeposits, black box warning: pulmonary toxicity, hepatoxicity, and pro-arrhythmic effects

41
Q

What 2 drugs interact with amiodarone?

A

digoxin and warfarin

42
Q

Does amiodarone have short or long half life?

A

EXTREMELY long (many days)

43
Q

When is amiodarone contraindicated?

A

severe bradycardia or heart blocks

44
Q

What class is atropine?

A

anticholinergic/antimuscarinic

45
Q

MOA for atropine

A

poisons the vagus nerve, inhibits postganglionic acetylcholine receptors and diret vagolytic action

46
Q

Indications for atropine

A

bradycardia (IV push only)

47
Q

S/E of atropine

A

xerostomia, blurry vision, photophobia, tachycardia, flushing, hot skin

48
Q

What is adenosine used for?

A

PSVT

49
Q

MOA for adenosine

A

slows the conduction time through the AV node

50
Q

Does adenosine have a short or long half life?

A

VERY short

51
Q

S/E of adenosine

A

causes a short burst of asystole until sinus rhythm returns

52
Q

Dosing of adenosine

A

6mg IVPB, if that doesnt work give 12mg IVPB, and can give a third 12mg IVPB

53
Q

What should always follow administering adenosine?

A

rapid normal saline flush (or 2)

54
Q

Indication for dofetilide

A

conversion from afib/aflutter to normal sinus

55
Q

MOA for adenosine

A

selectively blocking the rapid cardiac ion channel carrying potassium currents

56
Q

S/E of adenosine

A

torsade, SVT, headache, dizziness, chest pain

57
Q

Nursing implications when giving dofetilide

A

start on EKG monitoring
do NOT give to pts with long QY intervals OR with other drugs that may prolong QT intervals

ABSN NUR 326 (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions