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ABSN NUR 326 > Week 5: GI Anatomy Review > Flashcards

Week 5: GI Anatomy Review Flashcards

1
Q

What is the structure of the Gastrointestinal system?

A

consists of the GI tract and related solid organs of digestion (esophagus, pharynx, mouth, stomach, gallbladder, pancreas. colon, small intestine, liver, rectum, anus)

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2
Q

What is the 3 main functions of the GI system?

A
  1. provide nutrients for the body
  2. secretion of digestive juices
  3. absorption of nutrients
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3
Q

What facilitates the movement of food through the esophagus?

A
  1. secretion of mucus
  2. very strong muscle movement to propel food
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4
Q

What is esophageal sphincters?

A

bundle of muscles that are normally closed at rest

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5
Q

What does the upper esophageal sphincter do?

A

prevent food from being aspirated into the lungs

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6
Q

What does the lower esophageal sphincter (AKA cardiac sphincter) do?

A

separates the esophagus from the stomach to prevent acidic contents of the stomach from entering back into the esophagus

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7
Q

What is the normal capacity of the stomach?

A

1000-1500mL

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8
Q

What 3 things do the gastric glands secrete?

A
  1. HCl
  2. intrinsic factor
  3. gastrin
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9
Q

What are the layers of the stomach?

A

Mucosa layer (inner layer), two muscle layers, and serosa (outer layer)

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10
Q

What makes up the mucosa layer of the stomach?

A

G-cells, parietal, chief and epithelial cells

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11
Q

What does the two muscle layers of the stomach do?

A

help propel from from the stomach to small intestine

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12
Q

What does G-cells do?

A

produce gastrin, a hormone that facilitates production of HCl

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13
Q

What does parietal cells do?

A

produce HCl to breakdown food, and Intrinsic Factor to protect the mucosa

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14
Q

What does Chief cells do?

A

secrete pepsin

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15
Q

What does the epithelial cells of the stomach do?

A

secrete bicarbonate rich solution to coat and protect mucosa

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16
Q

What are the three sections of the small intestine? IN ORDER

A

duodenum, jejunum, and ileum

17
Q

What is plicae circulares?

A

The circular folds of the mucous membrane that makes up the entire inner wall of the small intestine

18
Q

What is intestinal villi?

A

finger like projections on the plicae circulares

19
Q

What is microvilli?

A

microscopic projections on each intestinal villi

20
Q

What special cells are in the small intestine?

A

Crypts of Lieberkuhn, goblet cells, and brunner glands

21
Q

What does crypts of lieberkuhn do?

A

secrete about 2L of fluid a day into lumen of intestine, which is quickly reabsorbed by the villi

22
Q

What do goblet cells and brunner glands do?

A

secrete large amounts of mucus to protect the small intestine from acidic gastric juices

23
Q

What is the ileocecal sphincter?

A

the area where food passes from the small to the large intestine

24
Q

What is the turnover of the small intestine?

A

48-72hrs

25
Q

What is included in the large intestine?

A

appendix, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, and rectum

26
Q

What is the turnover of the large intestine cells?

A

3-8days

27
Q

What allows for motility of the GI tract?

A

contraction of 2 layers of smooth muscle

28
Q

What are the two types of GI motility?

A

propulsive and mixing

29
Q

What regulates GI motility?

A

enteric nervous system, autonomic nervous system, and hormones

30
Q

What is the function of the esophagus?

A

transport food

31
Q

What is the function of the stomach?

A
  1. stores and churns food
  2. Pepsin digests proteins
  3. HCl activates enzymes, breaks up food and kills germs
32
Q

What is the function of the small intestine?

A

completes digestion, absorbs nutrients.
peptidase digests protein, sucrases digest sugars and amylase digests polysaccharides

33
Q

What is the function of the large intestine?

A

reabsorbs some water and ions, forms and stores feces

34
Q

What is the function of the rectum?

A

sore and expel feces

ABSN NUR 326 (10 decks)

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