Week 5: Endocrine Anatomy Review Flashcards
Where is the pituitary gland located?
beneath the hypothalamus at the base of the skull
What are the 2 lobes of the pituitary?
anterior and posterior
What controls the synthesis and secretion of the pituitary hormones?
hypothalamus
What hormones does the anterior pituitary secrete?
Thyroid stimulating hormone, and adrenocorticotropic hormone
What hormones does the posterior pituitary secrete?
antidiuretic hormone (aka Vasopressin) and oxycotin
What does antidiuretic hormone do?
released in response to hypotension causing water retention through the kidneys
Where are the adrenal glands located?
At the top of the kidneys
What is each adrenal gland composed of?
inner medulla and outer cortex
What does the adrenal medulla gland secrete?
epinepherine and norepinepherine
What hormones stimulate the adrenal cortex gland secretions?
glucocorticoids(cortisol), mineralocorticoids (aldosterone) and sex steroids (Androgens)
What does epinepherine and norepinepherine do?
prolong and enhance the effects of the sympathetic nervous system
Think “flight or fight”
What does the adrenal cortex secretions do?
regulate the body’s response to normal AND abnormal levels of stress
What does cortisol do?
-raises blood sugar (opposing insulin)
-protect against physiological effects of stress
-release muscle stores of protein
-suppress inflammatory and immune processes
-increase blood cholesterol
What does aldosterone do?
-maintain salt and water balance
-promote secretion of potassium
-triggered by angiotensin II to promote Na+ retention
What regulates aldosterone secretions?
Renin angiotensin system (RAAS)
What does the thyroid secrete?
triiodothyroine (T3) and thyroxine (T4)
What is T3?
the active form of T4
What are the 2 forms of T4?
-attaches to proteins when not needed
-free T4 in tissue when needed
What is a necessary component in the synthesis of the thyroid hormone?
iodine
Where are the parathyroid glands?
4 pea-sized glands nestled within the thyroid in the neck
What does the parathyroid secrete?
parathyroid hormone
What activates the secretion of the parathyroid hormone?
hypocalcemia and break down bone
What does parathyroid hormone do?
promote vitamin D production
