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Human Phys LFS112 > Week 6, Blood and Immunity > Flashcards

Week 6, Blood and Immunity Flashcards

1
Q

Lymphocytes that destroy foreign cells or virus-infected cells are ________ cells.

A

cytotoxic T

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2
Q

The function of platelets is to assist in the

A

process called hemostasis.

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3
Q

The level of erythropoietin in the blood would rise due to all of the following except

A

periods of fasting.

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4
Q

The blood cells involved in specific immunity are the

A

lymphocytes.

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5
Q

Characteristics of adaptive defenses include
versatility.

tolerance.

memory.

specificity.

A

All of the answers are correct.

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6
Q

The most numerous white blood cells in peripheral circulation are the

A

neutrophils.

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7
Q

Within a few days after the second exposure to an antigen the level of specific antibody rises because:

A

a previous experience with the antigen produced memory cells which can respond quickly to a subsequent challenge with an antigen.

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8
Q

All of the following are true of the primary response of humoral immunity except that

A

it is delayed by the memory cell stage.

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9
Q

A nonspecific defence against infection includes;

A

inflammation.

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10
Q

The waste product bilirubin is produced from

A

heme molecules lacking iron.

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11
Q

The most abundant component of plasma is

A

water

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12
Q

Plasma composes about ________ percent of whole blood and water composes ________ percent of the plasma volume.

A

55; 92

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13
Q

If the thymus shrank in a child, we would expect to see a decrease in the number of:

A

T lymphocytes (T cells)

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14
Q

All the circulating red blood cells in an adult originate in the

A

red bone marrow.

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15
Q

The cells responsible for the production of circulating immunoglobulins are ________ cells.

A

plasma

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16
Q

The blood cells involved in specific immunity are the

A

lymphocytes

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17
Q

Each hemoglobin molecule contains

A

four iron atoms

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18
Q

The cells that can destroy infected or damaged cells without antigen presentation are the ________ cells.

A

Natural Killer NK

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19
Q

More than 95 percent of the protein in a red blood cell is

A

hemoglobin.

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20
Q

Plasma proteins essential in body defense are the

A

immunoglobulins

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21
Q

B cells are primarily activated by the activities of

A

helper T cells.

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22
Q

Stem cells that will form B cells or NK cells are found only in the

A

red bone marrow

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23
Q

White blood cells that are increased in allergic individuals are the

A

eosinophils.

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24
Q

Non-specific, innate immunity, such as phagocytosis, is a function of which blood cells?

A

neutrophils, eosinophils, and monocytes.

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25
Q

T cells and B cells can be activated only by

A

exposure to a specific antigen at a specific site in a plasma membrane.

26
Q

Platelets are

A

cytoplasmic fragments of large cells.

27
Q

The primary function of the lymphatic system is

A

defending the body against both external and internal threats.

28
Q

A plasma protein essential for blood coagulation is

A

fibrinogen.

29
Q

The function of red blood cells is to

A

carry oxygen to the cells and then carry away carbon dioxide.

30
Q

All of the following are true of neutrophils except that they are
Answers:
granular leukocytes.

phagocytic.

also known as polymorphonuclear leukocytes.

important in coagulation.

active in fighting bacterial infections.

A

important in coagulation.

31
Q

The most abundant component of plasma is

A

water.

32
Q

The function of haemoglobin is to,

A

carry dissolved blood gases.

33
Q

Which one of the following is NOT a function of blood?

A

production of hormones.

34
Q

Immunity that is genetically determined and present at birth is called ________ immunity.

A

innate

35
Q

Which of these descriptions best matches the term B lymphocytes?

A

develop into plasma cells

36
Q

Which of these descriptions best matches the term T lymphocytes?
Answers:
adhere to collagen beneath endothelium

are involved in cell mediated immunity

produce antibodies in response to antigens

kill bacteria using hydrogen peroxide

often elevated in allergic individuals

A

are involved in cell mediated immunity

37
Q

Helper T cells do all of the following except
Answers:
trigger B-cell division, plasma cell maturation, and antibody production.

provide a rapid response to a future exposure to the antigen.

enhance production of memory and cytotoxic T cells.

attract macrophages to the affected area.

enhance nonspecific defenses.

A

provide a rapid response to a future exposure to the antigen.

38
Q

Examples of physical barriers against pathogens include
Answers:
sebaceous glands.

mucus.

epithelia.

epidermal layers.

All of the answers are correct.

A

All of the answers are correct.

39
Q

An infected wound contains typically contains
Answers:
dead neutrophils.

cellular debris.

tissue fluids.

pus.

All of the answers are correct.

A

All of the answers are correct.

40
Q

Which one of the following lists the steps of haemostasis in the CORRECT order?
Answers:
a.
vascular spasm, coagulation, platelet plug formation and clot retraction.

b.
platelet plug formation, vascular spasm, coagulation and clot retraction.

c.
vascular spasm, platelet plug formation, coagulation and clot retraction.

d.
coagulation, platelet plug formation, vascular spasm and clot retraction.

A

vascular spasm, platelet plug formation, coagulation and clot retraction.

41
Q

Lymph nodes do all of the following except
Answers:
produce antibodies through B cells.

monitor the contents of lymph.

remove debris and pathogens from the lymph.

accumulate cancer cells.

remove excess nutrients from the lymph.

A

remove excess nutrients from the lymph.

42
Q

All of the following are true of the primary response of humoral immunity except that
Answers:
it depends on antigen triggering the appropriate B cell.

it requires B cell differentiation into plasma cells.

it is delayed by the memory cell stage.

circulating antibodies undergo a gradual, sustained rise.

it peaks 1 to 2 weeks after the initial exposure.

A

it is delayed by the memory cell stage.

43
Q

A patient has an infected puncture wound to her foot. Which type of white blood cell would you expect to be elevated in a differential white cell count?

A

neutrophils

44
Q

Formed elements make up about what percentage of blood?

A

45 percent

45
Q

The percent fraction of formed elements relative to whole blood is the

A

haematocrit.

46
Q

The most abundant proteins in blood plasma are

A

albumins.

47
Q

Each of the following is a characteristic of whole blood, except a
Answers:
temperature of approximately 38 degrees Celsius.

viscosity about the same as water.

pH of 7.4.

built-in system for clotting.

red color from hemoglobin.

A

viscosity about the same as water.

48
Q

Which of the following is a function of the blood?
Answers:
transport of nutrients and wastes

transport of body heat

transport of gases

defense against toxins and pathogens

All of the answers are correct.

A

All of the answers are correct.

49
Q

A nonspecific defence against infection includes;
Answers:
a.
helper T cells.

b.
antibodies.

c.
inflammation.

d.
plasma cells.

A

inflammation.

50
Q

Inflammation produces localized
Answers:
swelling.

redness.

heat.

pain.

All of the answers are correct.

A

All of the answers are correct.

51
Q

The role of antigen-presenting cells in immunity is to
Answers:
activate T cells.

display antigen fragments.

process antigens.

bind antigens to glycoproteins.

All of the answers are correct.

A

All of the answers are correct.

52
Q

Which of the following BEST describes the function of lymph nodes?

A

traps and concentrates pathogens from lymph.

53
Q

All of the following are true of the secondary response of humoral immunity except that it;
Answers:
a.
results in much quicker rise in antibody titres.

b.
weakens quickly because memory B cells only survive for a year or two.

c.
depends on memory B cells.

d.
results in much higher antibody titres than in the primary response.

A

weakens quickly because memory B cells only survive for a year or two.

54
Q

________ involves a cascade of reactions leading to the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin.

A

Coagulation

55
Q

Which of the following statements about blood is false?

A

The normal pH of blood is 6.8 to 7.0.

56
Q

The combination of plasma and formed elements is called

A

whole blood.

57
Q

The process of red blood cell production is called;
Answers:
a.
erythropoiesis.

b.
erythrogenesis.

c.
erythrocytosis.

d.
haemopoiesis.

A

erythropoiesis.

58
Q

Which of the following statements concerning red blood cells is false?

A

Red cells are about 18 µm in diameter.

59
Q

Most of the iron that is removed from degraded hemoglobin is

A

recycled to the red bone marrow

60
Q

All of the following are true of the primary response of humoral immunity except that
Answers:
it depends on antigen triggering the appropriate B cell.

it requires B cell differentiation into plasma cells.

it is delayed by the memory cell stage.

circulating antibodies undergo a gradual, sustained rise.

it peaks 1 to 2 weeks after the initial exposure.

A

it is delayed by the memory cell stage.

Human Phys LFS112 (12 decks)

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