Week 10 Respiratory

Question 1

The beating of the cilia of the respiratory passages in the direction of the pharynx forms a(n)

Answer 1

mucus escalator.

Question 2

The actual sites of gas exchange within the lungs are the

Answer 2

respiratory membranes of the alveoli.

Question 3

The majority of carbon dioxide (CO2) is transported;

Answer 3

as the bicarbonate ion.

Question 4

The apneustic centers of the pons

Answer 4

provide stimulation to the inspiratory center.

Question 5

Gas exchange between air and circulating blood takes place within the

Answer 5

alveoli.

Question 6

External respiration involves the

Answer 6

diffusion of gases between the alveoli and the circulating blood.

Question 7

When the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles contract,

Answer 7

the volume of the thorax increases.

Question 8

When there is no air movement, the relationship between the intrapulmonary and atmospheric pressure is that

Answer 8

they are equal.

Question 9

The normal rate and depth of breathing is established by the ________ center(s).

Answer 9

DRG and VRG

Question 10

Most of the oxygen transported by the blood is

Answer 10

bound to hemoglobin.

Question 11

If I have a tidal volume of 500 mL/breath, a breathing rate of 14 breaths/minute and a dead space volume of 150 mL, my alveolar ventilation rate is closest to how many mL/minute?

Answer 11

5000.

Question 12

The partial pressure of oxygen in the interstitial space of peripheral tissues is approximately

Answer 12

40 mm Hg.

Question 13

Which of the following statements about the trachea is false?
Answers:
It is lined by pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium.

Tracheal cartilages prevent tracheal collapse.

It contains many mucous glands.

It alters its diameter in response to the autonomic nervous system.

Answer 13

It is reinforced with D-shaped cartilages.

Question 14

Air moves out of the lungs when the pressure inside the lungs is;

Answer 14

greater than the pressure in the atmosphere.

Question 15

The larynx, trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles all make up the

Answer 15

lower respiratory tract.

Question 16

Alveolar ventilation refers to the

Answer 16

movement of air into and out of the alveoli.

Question 17

At a PO2 of 70 mm Hg and normal temperature and pH, hemoglobin is ________ percent saturated with oxygen.

Answer 17

more than 90

Question 18

The partial pressure of oxygen (PO2) in the alveoli is;

Answer 18

less than in the atmosphere due to mixing of inhaled air with alveolar air.

Question 19

________ = respiratory rate × (tidal volume - anatomic dead space)

Answer 19

Alveolar ventilation rate

Question 20

The function of pulmonary ventilation is to

Answer 20

maintain adequate alveolar ventilation.

Question 21

The percent of oxygen saturation of hemoglobin when the temperature is 38 degrees centigrade is

Answer 21

greater than the percent of oxygen saturation of hemoglobin when the temperature is 43 degrees centigrade.

Question 22

The partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the interstitial space of peripheral tissues is approximately

Answer 22

45 mm Hg.

Question 23

Increasing the alveolar ventilation rate will

Answer 23

decrease the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the alveoli.

Question 24

The respiratory membrane of the gas exchange surfaces consists of

Answer 24

simple squamous epithelium.

Question 25

Which of the following cells forms the respiratory membrane?

Answer 25

type I alveolar cells.

Question 26

If the dorsal respiratory group of neurons in the medulla oblongata were destroyed bilaterally,

Answer 26

a person would stop breathing.

Question 27

The partial pressure of oxygen (PO2) in the alveoli is;

Answer 27

less than in the atmosphere due to mixing of inhaled air with alveolar air.

Question 28

In which direction does carbon dioxide move during internal respiration?

Answer 28

from the tissue cells into the blood

Question 29

The most important stimulus that induces changes in ventilation is a(n);

Answer 29

increase in CO2 generated H+ in the brain.

Question 30

Prolonged inspirations can result from stimulating the ________ center.

Answer 30

apneustic

Question 31

Secondary bronchi supply air to the

Answer 31

lobes of the lungs.

Question 32

About 70% of carbon dioxide is transported in deoxygenated blood

Answer 32

as bicarbonate ions in the blood plasma.

Question 33

The function of pulmonary ventilation is to

Answer 33

maintain adequate alveolar ventilation.

Question 34

Increasing the alveolar ventilation rate will

Answer 34

decrease the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the alveoli.

Question 35

Air entering the body is filtered, warmed, and humidified by the

Answer 35

upper respiratory tract.

Question 36

The partial pressure of carbon dioxide is greatest in

Answer 36

venous blood.

Question 37

The respiratory epithelium of the conducting airways consists of

Answer 37

pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium.

Question 38

The nasal cavity, pharynx, and larynx constitute the ________ portion of the airway.

Answer 38

conducting

Question 39

For maximum loading of hemoglobin with oxygen at the lungs, the

Answer 39

PO2 should be as high as possible.

Question 40

What occurs if intrapulmonary pressure is 763 mm Hg? (assume atmospheric pressure is 760 mmHg);

Answer 40

exhalation.

Question 41

________ is the amount of air that moves into the respiratory system during a single respiratory cycle.

Answer 41

Tidal volume

Question 42

Which of the following factors would increase the amount of oxygen discharged by hemoglobin to peripheral tissues? Answers: decreased temperature decreased pH increased tissue PO2 decreased amounts of DPG All of the answers are correct.

Answer 42

decreased pH

Question 43

The Hering-Breuer reflex

Answer 43

protects the lungs from damage due to overinflation.

Question 44

At a PO2 of 70 mm Hg and normal temperature and pH, hemoglobin is ________ percent saturated with oxygen.

Answer 44

more than 90

Question 45

The percent of oxygen saturation of hemoglobin when the pH is 7.6 is Answers: greater than the percent of oxygen saturation of hemoglobin when the pH is 7.2. less than the percent of oxygen saturation of hemoglobin when the pH is 7.2. equal to the percent of oxygen saturation of hemoglobin when the pH is 7.2. equal to the percent of oxygen saturation of hemoglobin when the pH is 7.4. None of the answers is correct.

Answer 45

greater than the percent of oxygen saturation of hemoglobin when the pH is 7.2.

Question 46

Each of the following factors affects the rate of external respiration except the Answers: PO2 of the alveoli. PCO2 of the blood. thickness of the respiratory membrane. PN2 of the alveoli. solubility of oxygen in plasma.

Answer 46

PN2 of the alveoli.

Question 47

The partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood is approximately

Answer 47

100 mm Hg.

Question 48

Henry's law states that

Answer 48

the volume of gas that will dissolve in a solvent is proportional to the solubility of the gas and the gas pressure.

Question 49

Stimulation of the apneustic center would result in

Answer 49

more intense inhalation.

Question 50

What occurs if intrapulmonic pressure is 763 mm Hg?

Answer 50

exhalation

Question 51

The most important chemical regulator of respiration is Answers: oxygen. carbon dioxide. bicarbonate ion. sodium ion. hemoglobin.

Answer 51

carbon dioxide.

Question 52

Carbon dioxide and water combine to form

Answer 52

carbonic acid.

Question 53

Most of the oxygen transported by the blood is

Answer 53

bound to hemoglobin.

Question 54

During quiet breathing,

Answer 54

inspiration involves muscular contractions and expiration is passive.

Question 55

Boyle's law of gases states that

Answer 55

if the volume goes up, the pressure goes down.