Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Human Phys LFS112 > Week 4, Endocrine > Flashcards

Week 4, Endocrine Flashcards

1
Q

Thyroxine and calcitonin are secreted by the

A

thyroid gland.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The specific target cells of the thyroid hormones, thyroxine and triiodothyronine are

A

all cells of the body.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

TSH plays a key role in the ________ of thyroid hormones.

A

synthesis and release

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Which of the following statements is true about paracrine communication?
Answers:
It is used for the regulation of cell and organ activities.

Paracrine factors are rather similar to hormones.

Many cells produce paracrine factors.

The cells make local hormones, made by cells that affect surrounding cells.

All of the answers are correct.

A

All of the answers are correct.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The outer layer of the adrenal gland is the _____________, while the inner portion of the adrenal gland is the _______________.

A

cortex; medulla.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The beta cells of the pancreatic islets produce

A

insulin.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Steroid-based hormones;

A

are lipid soluble and bind to intracellular receptors.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Which of the following glands releases hormones that are synthesized in the hypothalamus?

A

posterior pituitary gland.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The pancreatic hormone that causes blood glucose levels to fall is;

A

insulin.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

The pituitary hormone that triggers the release of thyroid hormone from the thyroid gland is

A

TSH.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

The posterior lobe of the pituitary is also known as the

A

neurohypophysis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Sympathetic stimulation leads to an increase in circulating levels of ______________, released from ______________ cells of the adrenal medulla.

A

adrenaline, chromaffin.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

The action of thyroid hormone on a target cell involves all the following steps except

A

binding to a hormone receptor in the plasma membrane.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

________ are chemical messengers that are released by cells and transported in the bloodstream to alter the activities of specific cells in other tissues.

A

Hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

A rise in cortisol would cause an increase in each of the following except
Answers:
the rate of glucose synthesis by the liver.

the rate of glycogen formation by the liver.

the level of fatty acids in the blood.

fatty acid metabolism by muscle cells.

ACTH levels.

A

ACTH levels.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Endocrine cells
Answers:
are a type of nerve cell.

release their secretions onto an epithelial surface.

release their secretions directly into body fluids such as blood.

contain few vesicles.

are modified connective-tissue cells.

A

release their secretions directly into body fluids such as blood.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

The C cells of the thyroid gland produce

A

calcitonin.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

The hypothalamus controls secretion in the adenohypophysis by

A

secreting releasing and inhibiting factors into a tiny portal system.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Cells that respond to a hormone are called ________ cells.

A

target

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

The medulla of the adrenal gland produces the hormones

A

adrenaline and noradrenaline.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Cells in the brain

A

can absorb glucose without insulin stimulation.

22
Q

The cortex of the adrenal gland produces the following hormones
Answers:
androgens.

glucocorticoids.

mineralocorticoids.

all of the above.

none of the above.

A

all of the above.

23
Q

All of the following are true of steroid hormones except that they

A

are produced by the suprarenal medulla

24
Q

Which of the following hormones stimulates skeletal muscle fibers to take in glucose from the blood?

A

insulin

25
Q

The most complex endocrine responses involve the

A

hypothalamus.

26
Q

Parathyroid hormone does all of the following except

A

build up bone.

27
Q

Hormones produced by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland that regulate the male and female reproductive organs are collectively called

A

gonadotropins.

28
Q

Hormone release may be controlled by which of the following factors?

A

All of the answers are correct.

29
Q

Which of the following is a known effect of thyroid hormone on peripheral tissues?
Answers:
increased oxygen consumption

increased heart rate

increased sensitivity to autonomic stimulation

increased body temperature

All of the answers are correct.

A

All of the answers are correct.

30
Q

A hormone that promotes gluconeogenesis in the liver is

A

cortisol.

31
Q

Why is it that steroid hormones use receptors inside of target cells, whereas protein, peptide, and amino acid hormones do not?

A

Steroids can cross the cell membrane because they are lipids and the membrane is lipid.

32
Q

The anterior lobe of the pituitary is also known as the

A

adenohypophysis.

33
Q

If a patient is administered a powerful glucocorticoid (such as prednisone) to suppress the immune system, what unintended effects might this have on blood chemistry?

A

increase of blood glucose

34
Q

The two lobes of the pituitary gland together produce how many hormones?

A

9

35
Q

Hormonal actions on cells include those that affect
Answers:
quantities of enzymes.

activities of enzymes.

synthesis of enzymes.

gating of ion channels.

All of the answers are correct.

A

All of the answers are correct.

36
Q

Adrenaline can cause the following responses:
Answers:
increased heart rate and force of contraction.

dilation of bronchioles.

vasoconstriction of blood vessels to digestive and urinary system.

increased rate of glycogenolysis in the liver.

all of the above.

A

all of the above.

37
Q

Neurons of the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei of the hypothalamus manufacture

A

ADH and oxytocin.

38
Q

The posterior pituitary gland secretes

A

ADH.

39
Q

The thyroid gland is composed of many ________ that produce and store thyroid hormone.

A

follicles

40
Q

Which of the following hormones is secreted in response to elevated levels of calcium in the blood?

A

calcitonin.

41
Q

The hypothalamus acts as both a neural and a(n) ________ organ.

A

endocrine

42
Q

When blood glucose levels fall,

A

glucagon is released.

43
Q

Hormonal actions on cells include those that affect
Answers:
quantities of enzymes.

activities of enzymes.

synthesis of enzymes.

gating of ion channels.

All of the answers are correct.

A

All of the answers are correct.

44
Q

All of the pancreatic hormones are regulated by

A

nutrient concentrations in the blood.

45
Q

Which group of hormones cause an anti-inflammatory action?

A

glucocorticoids

46
Q

Which of the following statements is true about the pancreas?

A

The islets contain a variety of different cells producing different hormones.

47
Q

Peptide hormones are

A

composed of amino acids.

48
Q

Which of the following elements is necessary for the production of thyroid hormone?

A

iodine

49
Q

If the hypophyseal portal system is destroyed, the hypothalamus would no longer be able to control the secretion of which of the following hormones?

A

TSH, ACTH, PRL

50
Q

The endocrine system regulates physiological processes through the binding of hormones to ________ on target cells.

A

receptors

51
Q

Increased levels of the hormone ________ will lead to increased levels of calcium ion in the blood.

A

PTH

Human Phys LFS112 (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions