Week 6 Flashcards
Nuremberg code
formulated in response to WW2
first international statement on the ethical treatment of human participants in research
1947
voluntary consent for research was given primacy
In Australia, the document guiding research ethics is known as
NHMRC’s national statement on ethical conduct in human research
foundational principles
respect for persons non maleficence beneficence justice scientific integrity
HREC
review research proposals involving human participants to ensure they are ethically acceptable and in accordance with relevant standards and guidelines
also monitor research projects
membership in HREC
A chairperson
At least one lay man
At least one lay woman: lay people assess whether the explanatory statements and consent forms are comprehensible to a lay audience
Professional carer
Person in pastoral care role
At least one lawyer, preferably not affiliated with the research institution
At least two research experts in a relevant field
if researchers run afoul of ethical standards
leads to consequences like investigation for research misconduct, loss of funding, publication bans and criminal proceedings
interest
a commitment, goal or value (Not necessarily financial)
duality of interests
two or more interests coexist in the same situation or relationship
conflict of interest
duality of interest leads to contradictory goals
ethical theories
consequentialism egalitarianism libertarianism deontological theories virtue ethics casuistical reasoning
consequentialism
focuses entirely on the consequences of actions to determine whether they were right or wrong
utalitarianism
utalitarianism
type of consequentialism
focuses on achieving the greatest good for the greatest number of people
utalitarianism/consequentialism criticised
reduces people to numbers in an equation
egalitarianism
focused on promoting equality
fair distribution of goods like health
egalitarianism criticised
ignoring personal responsibilities
