WEEK 6-8: CONSCIOUSNESS Flashcards
Sensory awareness of the environment
CONSCIOUSNESS
Refers to the different levels of awareness of one’s thoughts and feelings
AWARENESS
The focus of consciousness on a particular stimulus
SELECTIVE ATTENTION
Knowledge of one’s own thoughts, feelings, and memories; overthinking
DIRECT INNER AWARENESS
Materials that are not in awareness but can be brought into awareness by focusing one’s attention
PRECONSCIOUS
Involves descriptive of ideas and feelings that are not available to awareness and are also without consciousness
UNCONSCIOUS
Memories that are outside of awareness and inaccessible
UNCONSCIOUS
The unconscious ejection of anxiety-evoking ideas, impulses, or images from awareness
REPRESSION
The “deliberate” placing of certain ideas, impulses, or images out of awareness
SUPPRESSION
Bodily processes such as growing hair, of which we cannot be conscious
NONCONSCIOUS
Information that is out of consciousness and not immediately available to consciousness
SUBCONSCIOUS
It is not something you are actively thinking about or aware of in a given moment, but it can still have an impact on your thoughts, feelings, and behaviors
SUBCONSCIOUS
It is everything we think about while we are awake
WAKING STATE OF CONSCIOUSNESS
It includes a mixture of sensation from the body, memories of the past, thoughts, feelings, perceptions and images, and expectations about the future that occur when we are awake and reasonable alert
WAKING STATE OF CONSCIOUSNESS
A radial deviation from the overall pattern of functioning of the mind during the ordinary waking consciousness such that a new, overall pattern is superimposed on one’s experience
ALTERED STATE OF CONSCIOUSNESS
State of trans/hypnosis
ALTERED STATE OF CONSCIOUSNESS
It is described as alternating periods of wakefulness and sleep reflect an internally generated circadian rhythm
SLEEP
It is like a body clock that helps regulate various biological processes over a roughly 24-hour cycle
CIRCADIAN RHYTHM
Where is the circadian rhythm located?
HYPOTHALAMUS
A “quiet sleep” because of the minimal eye movement
NON-RAPID EYE MOVEMENT SLEEP (NREM)
A stage of sleep characterized by rapid eye movements, which have been linked to dreaming
RAPID EYE MOVEMENT (REM) SLEEP
“Rapid low” amplitude brain waves that have been linked to feelings of relaxation
ALPHA WAVES
A type of brain waves produced when you are awake but relaxed and not actively concentrating on something
ALPHA WAVES
Slow brain waves produced during the hypnagogic state
THETA WAVES
How much frequency does alpha brain waves have?
IN THE RANGE OF 8 TO 13 CYCLE PER SECOND (HERTZ)
Associated with a state of deep relaxation, daydreaming, and light sleep
THETA WAVES
Commonly observed during the early stages of sleep, especially during the transition from wakefulness to a more profound sleep state
THETA WAVES
How much frequency does theta waves have?
4 TO 8 CYCLES PER SECOND
Strong, slow brain waves usually emitted during stag 4 of sleep
DELTA WAVES
Brain wave that the brain produces during deep sleep
DELTA WAVES
How much frequency does delta waves have?
LOW FREQUENCY RANGING FROM 0.5 TO 4 CYCLES
Stage of sleep where eye and muscle activity slows; brain activity decreases 50%; sleeper may experience sudden mucle contractions
STAGE 1
Stage of sleep where the eye movement and muscle activity stops; slow brain waves; sleep spindles begin
STAGE 2
Stage of sleep where deep sleep starts; brain begins to produce very slow delta waves; no eye or muscle movement; difficult to wake the sleeper
STAGE 3
Stage of sleep where the brain only produces delta waves; sleeper may be disoriented if awakened
STAGE 4
Stage of sleep where heart and breathing rates increases; eye movement is quick and irregular; blood pressure rises; breathing becomes shallow; muscles of the chin, neck, torso are paralyzed; sleeper begins to dream
REM STAGE
What does it mean when the eye movement is rapid while asleep?
THAT THE BRAIN IS ACTUALLY WORKING
Chemical produced in the brain to render the body temporarily paralyzed to prevent acting out our dream
GAMMA AMINOBUTYRIC ACID (GABA)
A discipline that studies how universal patterns of behavior and cognitive processes have evolved over time as a result of natural selection
EVOLUTIONARY PSYCHOLOGY
THEORY OF SLEEP:
Sleep is essential to restore resources expended during the day (energy)
Sleep is an adaptive response to predatory risks
ADAPTIVE FUNCTION OF SLEEP
THEORY OF SLEEP:
Sleep deprivation results in disruptions in cognitive and memory deficits leading to impairments in our abilities to maintain attention, make decisions, and recall long-term memories
COGNITIVE FUNCTION OF SLEEP
A sleep disorder where an individual may wake up several times during sleep during the night only to find out that they have difficulty getting back to sleep; lack of sleep for 3 nights a week for at least one month’s time
INSOMNIA
A sleep disorder where a person falls asleep suddenly
NARCOLEPSY
“Sleep attack” that may last 15 minutes or so
NARCOLEPSY
Lose of muscle control
CATAPLEXY
Accompanied by collapse of muscle control or the entire body – a condition called sleep paralysis
NARCOLEPSY
Caused by lack of neurotransmitter called hypocretin (or orexin)
NARCOLEPSY
A dangerous sleep disorder in which the air passages are obstructed
APNEA
A form of sleep apnea where the airway becomes blocked or collapses during sleep
OBSTRUCTIVE SLEEP APNEA (OSA)
A form of sleep apnea where the brain fails to send proper signal to the muscles that control breathing
CENTRAL POSITIVE AIRWAY PRESSURE (CPAP)
A person with this disorder feels uncomfortable sensations in the legs during periods of inactivity or when trying to fall asleep.
RESTLESS LEG SYNDROME
This discomfort is relieved by deliberately moving the legs, which not surprisingly, contributes to difficulty in falling or staying asleep
RESTLESS LEG SYNDROME
A sometimes bizarre and often dangerous sleep disorder
REM BEHAVIORS DISORDERS
A deep-sleep disorder that is similar to, but severe than nightmares, which occur during REM sleep
SLEEP TERRORS
A deep-sleep disorder where a person is never fully awake, returns to sleep, and may recall a vague image as if someone pressing on their chest
SLEEP TERRORS
A deep-sleep disorder that probably reflects immaturity of the nervous system. In most cases, it resolves before adolescence, often by age 8.
BED-WETTING
This disorder causes sleepers to act out their dreams, especially when the dreams are scary or dramatic
SLEEPWALKING
THEORY OF DREAM:
If we are preoccupied with illness or death, sex or aggression, or moral dilemmas, we are likely to dream about them
DREAM AS “THE RESIDUE OF THE DAY”
THEORY OF DREAMS:
You may recall dreams involving fantastic adventures, but most dreams involve memories of the day-gone; extension of wakefulness
DREAMS AS “THE RESIDUE OF THE DAY”
THEORY OF DREAMS:
Freud theorized that dreams reflect unconscious wishes and urges. The content of dreams is symbolic of unconscious fantasized objects such as the genitals.
DREAMS AS THE EXPRESSION OF UNCONSCIOUS DESIRES
THEORY OF DREAMS:
This model views that acetylcholine and the pons activate the reticular activating system, which stimulates the cortex, but not to the point of waking; the cortex then synthesizes the cognitive activity into a dream
THE ACTIVATION-SYNTHESIS MODEL
THEORY OF DREAMS:
This model challenges the idea that dreams always have psychological meanings and suggests that they may be more like the brain’s way of interpreting its own activity during rest
THE ACTIVATION-SYNTHESIS MODEL
