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INTRODUCTION TO PSYCHOLOGY > WEEK 4: Biological Bases of Behavior > Flashcards

WEEK 4: Biological Bases of Behavior Flashcards

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1
Q

all neural tissue

A

NERVOUS SYSTEM

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2
Q

System of nerves involved in thought-processes, heartbeat, visual-motor coordination, and so on

A

NERVOUS SYSTEM

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3
Q

Composed of the brain, spinal cord, and other parts that make it possible for us to receive information

A

NERVOUS SYSTEM

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4
Q

Central building block of the nervous system

A

NEURONS

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5
Q

its function is to receive and transmit information

A

NEURONS

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6
Q

cell body

A

SOMA

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7
Q

Contains the nucleus of the cell and keeps the cell alive

A

SOMA

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8
Q

Branching extensions of the soma

A

DENDRITES

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9
Q

Serves as input sites where signals are received from other neurons

A

DENDRITES

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10
Q

A long, segmented fiber that transmits information away from the cell body towards other neurons or muscle and glands

A

AXON

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11
Q

The space between the terminal button of one neuron and the dendrite of another neuron

A

SYNAPTIC VESICLES

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12
Q

House the neurotransmitters

A

SYNAPTIC VESICLES

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13
Q

The chemical messengers of the nervous system

A

NEUROTRANSMITTERS

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14
Q

Associated with imbalances of one or more neurotransmitter systems

A

PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDERS

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15
Q

Drugs that treat psychiatric symptoms by restoring neurotransmitter balance

A

PSYCHOTROPIC MEDICATIONS

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16
Q

Used in the brain to regulate memory, sleeping, and dreaming

A

ACETYLCHOLINE

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17
Q

Alzheimer’s disease is associated with an undersupply of this major neurotransmitter

A

ACETYLCHOLINE

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18
Q

An agonist that acts like acetylcholine

A

NICOTINE

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19
Q

Released in response to behaviors such as vigorous exercise, orgasm, and eating spicy foods

A

BETA-ENDORPHIN

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20
Q

MAJOR NEUROTRANSMITTER: are natural pain relievers

A

BETA-ENDORPHIN

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21
Q

Related to the compounds found in drugs such as opium, morphine, and heroine

A

BETA-ENDORPHIN

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22
Q

Produces feelings of pleasure when released by the brain’s reward system, and also involved in learning, movement, motivation, and emotion

A

DOPAMINE

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23
Q

Schizophrenia is linked to increases in _______ activity, whereas Parkinson’s disease is linked to reductions in _________

A

DOPAMINE

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24
Q

Major inhibitory neurotransmitter of the brain

A

GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID (GABA)

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25
Q

Lack of _______ can lead to involuntary motor actions, including tremors and seizures

A

GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID (GABA)

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26
Q

Alcohol stimulates the release of ________, which inhibits the nervous system and makes us feel drunk

A

GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID (GABA)

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27
Q

A major neurotransmitter that is found in food additive MSG

A

GLUTAMATE

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28
Q

The most common neurotransmitter, released in more than 90% of the brain’s synapse

A

GLUTAMATE

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29
Q

Excess ________ can cause overstimulation, migraines, and seizures

A

GLUTAMATE

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30
Q

Release is lowest during sleep, rises during wakefulness, and reaches much higher levels during situations of stress or danger, in the so-called fight-or-flight response

A

NOREPINEPHRINE

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31
Q

Involved in sleep and mood

A

SEROTONIN

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32
Q

Low levels of ___________ are associated with depression

A

SEROTONIN

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33
Q

Drugs designed to treat depression

A

SELECTIVE SEROTONIN REUPTAKE INHIBITORS (SSRIs)

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34
Q

Made up of thick bundles of axons, called neves

A

PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

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35
Q

Allows the brain and spinal cord to receive and send information to other areas of the body

A

PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

36
Q

regulates involuntary body and functions like heartbeat and breathing

A

PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

37
Q

Controls our internal organs and glands and is generally considered to be outside the realm of voluntary control

A

AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM

38
Q

Involved in preparing the body for stress-related activities

A

SYMPATHETIC NS

39
Q

Associated with returning the body to routine, day-to-day operations

A

PARASYMPATHETIC NS

40
Q

Consists of the brain and spinal cord

A

CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

41
Q

Connects the brain to the outside world and acts like a relay station

A

SPINAL CORD

42
Q

The spinal cord’s own system of automatic processes

A

REFLEX

43
Q

The ones protecting the spinal cord

A

BONY VERTEBRAE AND CEREBROSPINAL FLUID

44
Q

An oblong area of the hindbrain; involved in regulation of heartbeat and respiration

A

MEDULLA

45
Q

A structure of the hindbrain; involved in respiration, sleep, attention and learning

A

PONS

46
Q

Involved in muscle coordination and balance

A

CEREBELLUM

47
Q

Part of the brain that filters out unnecessary information to accommodate important ones

A

RETICULAR ACTIVATING SYSTEM (RAS)

48
Q

An area near the center of the brain; relay of sensory information to the cortex; its function is in sleep and attention

A

THALAMUS

49
Q

A bundle of nuclei below the thalamus and is involved in body temperature, motivation, and emotion

A

HYPOTHALAMUS

50
Q

A hormone released by hypothalamus that stimulates uterine contractions in labor and childbirth and stimulates contractions of breast tissue to aid in lactation after childbirth

A

OXYTOCIN

51
Q

A group of structures involved in memory, motivation, and emotion that forms a fringe along the inner edge of the cerebrum

A

LIMBIC SYSTEM

52
Q

A part of the limbic system that apparently facilitates stereotypical aggressive responses

A

AMYGDALA

53
Q

The large mass of the forebrain that consists of two hemispheres

A

CEREBRUM

54
Q

The wrinkled surface area (gray matter) of the cerebrum

A

CEREBRAL CORTEX

55
Q

A thick fiber bundle that connects the hemisphere of the cortex

A

CORPUS CALLOSUM

56
Q

Body’s system of ductless glands that secrete hormones and release them directly into the bloodstream and essential in maintaining homeostasis

A

ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

57
Q

The chemical regulator of the body

A

ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

58
Q

An organ that secretes one or more chemical substances such as hormones, saliva, or milk

A

GLAND

59
Q

A substance secreted by an endocrine gland and regulates various body functions

A

HORMONE

60
Q

Internal/physiological balance

A

HOMEOSTASIS

61
Q

Located near the center of the brain, responsible for controlling the body’s growth; also called as the “master gland”

A

PITUITARY GLAND

62
Q

Secretes hormones that influence our responses to pain and hormones that signals the ovaries and testes to make sex hormones

A

PITUITARY GLAND

63
Q

Secretes the hormone melatonin, which helos regulate the sleep-wake cycle and may affect the onset of puberty

A

PINEAL GLAND

64
Q

Stores oxytocin and releases it into bloodstream

A

PITUITARY GLAND

65
Q

A hormone that is involved in aging, is a mild sedative used as a sleeping pill, also help people adjust to jet lag

A

MELATONIN

66
Q

Produces thyroxin, which affects the body’s metabolism

A

THYROID GLAND

67
Q

The rate at which the body uses oxygen and produces energy

A

METABOLISM

68
Q

Produces parathormone which is associated with the growth of muscle and bone; located behind the thyroid gland

A

PARATHYROID GLAND

69
Q

Releases hormone called “calcitonin” to help regulate calcium levels in the blood by decreasing it; also related to the distribution of phosphate in the body

A

PARATHYROID GLAND

70
Q

Located above the kidneys, and have an outer layer (cortex) and inner core (medulla)

A

ADRENAL GLAND

71
Q

A hormone in the adrenal cortex that regulates the heartbeat, increases resistance to stress, promotes muscle development, cause the liver to release stored sugar for more energy

A

CORTICOSTEROIDS

72
Q

Hormones in the adrenal medulla that helps arouse the body to cope with threats and stress, intensifies most emotions like fear and anxiety

A

EPINEPHRINE (ADRENALINE) & NOREPINEPHRINE (NORADRENALINE)

73
Q

Its important function is to secrete hormones when we are excited, threatened, or stressed

A

ADRENAL MEDULLA

74
Q

Produces insulin and glucagon

A

PANCREAS

75
Q

Responsible for the conversion of glucose to glycogen and excess glucose to fat

A

INSULIN

76
Q

Blood sugar

A

GLUCOSE

77
Q

Main source of energy

A

GLYCOGEN

78
Q

Decreases blood sugar levels

A

INSULIN

79
Q

Conversion of glycogen to glucose; increases blood sugar levels

A

GLUCAGON

80
Q

Produces steroids, among them testosterones and estrogen

A

GONADS

81
Q

Responsible in the development and function of male sex organs

A

TESTES: TESTOSTERONE AND ANDROGEN

82
Q

Responsible for the build-up and maintenance of the uterus all for embedding of fertilized egg

A

OVARIES: ESTROGEN AND PROGESTERONE

83
Q

Location: Front part of the brain.

Functions:

Personality and Emotions: Controls your emotions, behavior, and personality.

Motor Skills: Manages voluntary movements like walking and talking.

Thinking and Problem-Solving: Involved in decision-making, problem-solving, and planning.

A

FRONTAL LOBE

84
Q

Location: Near the top and back of the brain.

Functions:

Sensory Information: Processes information from the senses like touch, temperature, and pain.

Spatial Awareness: Helps you understand the space around you and navigate your environment.

A

PARIETAL LOBE

85
Q

Location: On the sides of the brain, near the ears.

Functions:
Auditory Processing: Manages hearing and language comprehension.

Memory Formation: Involved in forming and storing memories.

A

TEMPORAL LOBE

86
Q

Location: At the back of the brain.

Functions:
Vision Processing: Primarily responsible for processing visual information from the eyes.

A

OCCIPITAL LOBE

INTRODUCTION TO PSYCHOLOGY (7 decks)

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