WEEK 5: Perception Flashcards
Refers to the way sensory information is organized, interpreted, and consciously experienced.
PERCEPTION
The process by which sensations are organized into an inner representation of the world.
PERCEPTION
Refers to the fact that perceptions are built from sensory input
BOTTOM-UP PROCESSING
How we interpret sensations is influenced by our knowledge, experiences, and thoughts
TOP-DOWN PROCESSING
Giving sensible meaning to everything we see, feel, touch, and so on.
PERCEPTION
Relies on what properties/nature of the object/stimulus (patterns of light and dark areas)
BOTTOM-UP PROCESSING
Relies on higher level information (prior knowledge and experience)
TOP-DOWN PROCESSING
Looking at an image without any context, what process must we use?
BOTTOM-UP PROCESSING
You use context to give meaning to an image.
TOP-DOWN PROCESSING
Using models, ideas, and expectations to interpret sensory information
TOP-DOWN PROCESSING
Taking sensory information and then assembling and integrating it
BOTTOM-UP PROCESSING
Neurons in the sensory cortex that fire in response to specific features of sensory information such as lines or edges of objects; they help our brain recognize and understand what they’re seeing
FEATURE DETECTORS
The process by which organisms become more sensitive to stimuli that are low in magnitude and less sensitive to stimuli that are constant or ongoing magnitude
SENSORY ADAPTATION
Is like your brain’s way of adjusting to what it sees and feels. When something is very weak or not changing much, your brain becomes more alert to notice it. But if something stays the same, your brain becomes less interested in it.
SENSORY ADAPTATION
The type of sensory adaptation in which we become more sensitive to stimuli that are low in magnitude; positive adaptation
SENSITIZATION
The type of sensory adaptation in which we become less sensitive to constant stimuli; negative adaptation
DESENSITIZATION
Failure to notice something that is completely visible because of a lack of attention is called…
INATTENTIONAL BLINDNESS
The view that the perception of sensory stimuli involves the interaction of physical, biological, and psychological factors
SIGNAL-DETECTION THEORY
Your skill in noticing something important when it’s hidden in a noisy or busy environment. It’s like finding a whisper in a loud crowd.
SIGNAL-DETECTION THEORY
People’s ability to detect stimuli depends not only on the intensity of the blips, but also on their __________ or learning, ___________, and ____________ _______ such as fatigue or alertness
TRAINING, MOTIVATION, PSYCHOLOGICAL
Part of the perception process, in which we focus our attention on certain incoming sensory information. We tend to only pay attention to information that we perceive to meet our needs or interests.
PERCEPTION SELECTIVITY
Through this, one arranges otherwise meaningless or disorganized stimuli into meaningful patterns
PERCEPTUAL ORGANIZATION
Perceptual Grouping: The mind groups similar elements into collective entities or totalities. This similarity depend on relationships of form, size, color, or brightness
LAW OF SIMILARITY
The mind continues visual, auditory, and kinetic patterns. We link things that form a predictable pattern.
LAW OF CONTINUITY
The mind may experience elements it does not perceive through sensation, in order to complete a regular figure
LAW OF CLOSURE
The tendency of ambiguous perceptual experiences to pop back and forth unstable between two or more alternative interpretations
LAW OF MULTI-STABILITY
The ability of the brain to perceive objects as constant and unchanged despite changes in the retinal focus
CONSTANCY
A distortion in perception characterized by changes in the actual perceptual cues thereby perceiving something as improbable
ILLUSIONS
The ambiguous sensory information that creates more than one good form
REVERSIBLE FIGURES
The objects that can be represented in 2-dimensional pictures but cannot exist in 3-dimensional space despite our perceptions
IMPOSSIBLE FIGURE
Originated in binocular disparity, the brain is used in a little degree of differences in interpreting data received from eye to perceive depth
DEPTH PERCEPTION
Refers to the fact that objects moving at a constant speed across the frame will appear to move a greater amount if they are closer to an observer (or camera) than they would if they were at a greater distance
MOTION PARALLAX
A type of monocular cue in which we see an object covering part of another object, giving us the sensation that the covered object is further away compared to the other
INTERPOSITION
The apparent merging of two parallel lines at a distant
LINEAR PERSPECTIVE
The nearer an object is to you, the more texture you can see. As object gets farther, the object appears smoother
TEXTURE GRADIENT
Refers to the fact that the more distant an object, the smaller its image will be on the retina
RELATIVE SIZE
Sometimes you can tell that an object is close to you because you have to pull your eyes toward the center to focus on the object. This cue to distance is known as
CONVERGENCE
The phenomenon of size constancy depends on accurate judgments of the distances of objects. If we misjudge distances, we are likely to experience
OPTICAL ILLUSIONS
