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MTC > Week 6 > Flashcards

Week 6 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the normal range for fasting glucose?

A

4-6mmol/L

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2
Q

What are the two main hormones involved in glucose regulation?

A
  • insulin

- glucagon

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3
Q

Where does glycolysis and the TCA occur in eukaryotes? How does this differ from that of prokaryotes?

A

In eukaryotes glycolysis occurs outside the mitochondria and TCA occurs in the mitochondria. In prokaryotes glycolysis and the TCA occur in the cytoplasm.

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4
Q

What are the two phases that glycolysis can be broken into?

A

Energy-investing and energy-harvesting

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5
Q

List the substrates involved in the energy investing stages of glycolysis

A
  • Glucose
  • Glucose-6-phosphate
  • Fructose-6-phosphate
  • Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate
  • Dihydroxyacetone phosphate
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6
Q

List the substrates involved in the energy harvesting stages of glycolysis

A
  • Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate
  • 1,3-Bisphosphoglycerate
  • 3-phosphoglycerate
  • 2-phosphoglycerate
  • phosphophenol pyruvate
  • pyruvate
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7
Q

What steps in glycolysis are irreversible?

A
  • Step 1
  • Step 3
  • Step 10
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8
Q

List the enzymes involved in the energy investing stage.

A
  • hexokinase
  • phosphoglucose isomerase
  • phosphofructokinase-1
  • Aldolase
  • Triose phosphate isomerase
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9
Q

List the enzymes involved in the energy harvesting stage

A
  • glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase
  • phosphoglycerate kinase
  • phosphoglyceromutase
  • enolase
  • pyruvate kinase
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10
Q

What regulates hexokinase?

A

High levels of glucose-6-phosphate will inhibit hexokinase

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11
Q

What regulates phosphofructokinase?

A 
Inhibits: 
-High ATP levels 
-High citrate levels 
Stimulates: 
-High fructose 2,6-bisphosphate 
-High AMP
-High ADP
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12
Q

What regulates pyruvate kinase?

A 
Stimulates: 
-High fructose 1,6 Bisphosphate 
Inhibits: 
-High ATP 
-High Acetyl CoA
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13
Q

What is the difference between glucokinase and hexokinase?

A

Glucokinase is expressed in the liver whereas hexokinase is expressed in the muscle

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14
Q

What is the role of phosphofructokinase-2?

A

It is an elastic regulator of PFK1 and synthesises fructose-2, 6-bisphosphate

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15
Q

What promotes PFK2 activity?

A

High insulin or low glucagon

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16
Q

How many ATP’s are needed in glycogen synthesis?

A

2 ATP

17
Q

What enzyme will convert Glucose-6 phosphate to glucose 1 phosphate?

A

Phosphoglucomutase

18
Q

What regulates the production of glycogen?

A 
Stimulates: 
-Insulin 
Inhibits: 
-Glucagon
-epinephrine

MTC (10 decks)

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