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MTC > Week 5 > Flashcards

Week 5 Flashcards

1
Q

What is catabolism?

A

The breakdown of molecules

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2
Q

What is catabolism + anabolism?

A

Metabolism

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3
Q

What is the first law of thermodynamics?

A

Energy cannot be created or destroyed

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4
Q

What is letter of the alphabet represents enthalpy?

A

H

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5
Q

What is enthalpy change or delta H?

A

This is the amount of heat released or absorbed when a chemical reaction occurs at constant pressure

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6
Q

What is the second law of thermodynamics?

A

That the universe tends towards disorder

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7
Q

What is the term used to measure disorder?

A

Entropy (S)

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8
Q

Thinking about Gibbs free enrgy…during catabolism is energy being released or does it require energy? What about anabolism?

A

Catabolism = energy release

Anabolism = requiring energy

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9
Q

What is the equation to calculate gibbs free energy? (Delta G)

A

Change in free energy = change in heat - change in temperature x change in entropy

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10
Q

In a exergonic reaction will the gibbs free energy be positive or negative? What about the change in heat?

A

gibbs free energy = negative value

change in heat = negative value

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11
Q

In a endergonic reaction will the gibbs free energy be positive or negative? What about the change in heat?

A

gibbs free energy = positive value

change in heat = positive value

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12
Q

In cells where is chemical energy stored?

A

In the chemical bonds of organic molecules

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13
Q

In relation to the electrons, what is oxidation?

A

The removal of electrons from an atom

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14
Q

In relation to the electrons, what is reduction?

A

The addition of electrons to an atom

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15
Q

What is the type of reaction where oxidation and reduction occur at the same time?

A

This is a REDOX reaction

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16
Q

During oxidation do the number of C-H bonds increase or decrease? What about during a reduction reaction?

A

Oxidation = C-H bonds decrease

Reduction = C-H bonds increase

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17
Q

What are the three energy carriers?

A
  • NADH
  • NADPH
  • FADH
18
Q

How many electrons will NAD and NADPH carry?

A

2 electrons

19
Q

What does FAD carry?

A
  • 2 electrons
  • 2 hydrogens
20
Q

Which phosphate group carries the most amount of energy in ATP?

A

The breaking of the first phosphate group

21
Q

What reaction occurs when breaking a phosphate group of ATP?

A

It is hydolysis

ATP + H2O –> ADP + Pi + free energy

22
Q

What cofactor/ion does ATP need to work?

A

Mg2

23
Q

What do enzymes do?

A
  • catalyse reactions
  • provide speed, specificty and control of reactions
24
Q

What are the three reactions that are catalysed by enzymes?

A
  • binding of a substrate
  • conversion of bound substrate to bound product
  • release of product
25
Q

What do enzymes do to the activation energy?

A

They lower the activation energy

26
Q

What are cofactors?

A

They are coenzymes to further facilitate substrate change

27
Q

What are coenzymes made of?

A
  • Metal ions
  • organic molecules
  • Vitamins
28
Q

Does the substrate concentration affect the reaction rate?

A

Yes it does.

29
Q

What is saturation?

A

This is where all enzyme is bound to the substrate

30
Q

What is Vmax?

A

This is saturation

31
Q

What is Km?

A
  • It is the affinity constant
  • it is 1/2 Vmax
32
Q

If they have a low substrate concentration will they have a high or low affinity?

A

-they will have a high affinity

33
Q

If there is a high substrate concentration will the enzyme have a low or high affinity?

A

It will have a low affinity

34
Q

What is the equation to work out the slope of a Lineweaver-Burk Transformation?

A

Slope = Km/Vmax

35
Q

What is a competitive inhibition?

A

It is an enzyme that binds to the active site and prevents the substrate from binding

36
Q

What is an uncompetitive inhibitor?

A

It binds to the enzyme-substrate complex, preventing the release of products

37
Q

What is non-competitive inhibitor?

A

Binds to a site other than the active site, changing enzyme structure so that normal substrate binding cannot occur

38
Q

What are the two mechanisms that change the conformation of the enzyme?

A
  • allosteric activation and inhibition
  • conformational changes
39
Q

What is the difference between allosteric and non-allosteric enzymes?

A
  • allosteric will have multiple active sites and non-allosteric will only have one
  • Allosteric enzymes are sensitve to low concentrations of inhibitors and will regulate metabolic pathways
40
Q

What is feedback inhibition?

A

This is where the final product will acts as a noncompetitive inhibitor of the first enzyme, which shuts down the pathway

MTC (10 decks)

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