Week 6

Question 1

tailoring interventions

Answer 1

the information provided is tailored to the problems, wishes and needs of the specific target group

Question 2

implementation intentions

Answer 2

specifying exactly what needs to change, by formulating clear and straightforward goals

Question 3

How to improve self-efficacy?

Answer 3

1. Successful previous attempts at changing our behavior
2. Low levels of stress
3. People persuade us that we are capable of making the change
4. Observing other people’s success in changing their behavior

Question 4

intervention mapping

Answer 4

A protocol for systematic use of research and theory when developing interventions, to make them more evidence-based

Question 5

The steps of intervention mapping + explanation

Answer 5

1. Needs assessment –> program objectives + behavioral & environmental determinants
2. Creating change objective matrices –> performance objectives & change objectives
3. Identify theory-based methods and practical strategies –> how to achieve the change objectives, which determinants to target
4. Programme production –> program scope, materials, protocols, documents, etc
5. Adoption and implementation
6. Evaluation plan –> effect evaluation (program/performance/change objectives) + process evaluation (how did the implementation go)

Question 6

goal gradient effect

Answer 6

we increase effort as we approach rewards or goals

Question 7

promotion focus

Answer 7

concentrating on the achievement of positive outcomes

Question 8

prevention focus

Answer 8

the avoidance of negative outcomes

Question 9

motivational approach of implementation intentions

Answer 9

specify WHY you want to do something, instead of only WHEN, WHERE and HOW

Question 10

implementation intentions are especially useful for people who…

Answer 10

… who already intend to change their behavior

… but lack discipline

Question 11

intention-behavior gap

Answer 11

having the intention to change your health behavior, but not taking any action

Question 12

inclined abstainers

Answer 12

people who intend to change their behavior, but don’t do it

Question 13

disinclined actors

Answer 13

people who don’t intend to perform a behavior, but do it nonetheless

Question 14

action planning (implementation intentions)

Answer 14

WHEN and WHERE you are going to do WHAT

Question 15

coping planning (implementation intentions)

Answer 15

specifying obstacles that might prevent you from following your intentions + making an if-then plan: “If situation X arises, I will do the following…”

Question 16

2 factors that improve self-efficacy according to Ashford, Edmunds & French

Answer 16

• Receiving feedback on your progress

- Observing others’ progress and successes

Question 17

Why are tailored interventions more effective than general ones?

Answer 17

• We absorb information far better when it focuses upon matters relevant to us and relevant to our own needs and wishes
• If everyone taking part in the process can be monitored individually, they can be offered personal support

Question 18

what does self-efficacy determine about your behavior?

Answer 18

1. What goals you see as achievable?
2. Whether + when you start to change behavior
3. The amount of effort you put in
4. How much you persist in your attempt

Question 19

subliminal primes

Answer 19

visuals in an advertisement that are shown so quickly that it is not possible to consciously see them

Question 20

neuromarketing

Answer 20

gain direct access to the brain in order to determine people’s likes and dislikes + measure effects that consumers are unaware of

Question 21

coping model

Answer 21

a model who’s not immediately successful at changing behavior but gradually makes progress

Question 22

mastery model

Answer 22

a model that is instantly successful at changing their behavior

Question 23

brain activation patterns

Answer 23

which parts of the brains are most active due to a certain stimulus

Question 24

what part of the brain is activated by celeb endorsements?

Answer 24

memory/retrieval region –> pre-existing memories of celeb are RETRIEVED + celebs aid in ENHANCING memory for a product / brand

Question 25

what part of the brain is activated by NON-celeb endorsers?

Answer 25

self-reflection region + executive functions (paying attention) –> consumers more easily relate to a non-celeb and picture themselves with the product

Question 26

what part of the brain is activated by rational appeals

Answer 26

the area for logical decision making

Question 27

program objective

Answer 27

the desired change in the final target behavior of the target group

Question 28

performance objective

Answer 28

preparatory behaviors that the target group has to perform in order to be able to reach a program objective

Question 29

change objective

Answer 29

what behavioral determinants should be changed by the intervention to achieve each performance objective (e.g. attitude, self-efficacy, knowledge)

Question 30

parameters (intervention mapping)

Answer 30

conditions under which an intervention strategy (e.g. modeling) is effective or not