Week 6 Flashcards
Which type of heart failure results in raised JVP?
Right sided
Elderly man of 62 years presents with shortness of breath, chest pain, and a low volume pulse. He admits to having rheumatic fever as a child. On examination there is an ejection systolic murmur radiating to the carotids. What murmur is it?
Aortic stenosis
What is the treatment for aortic stenosis?
Valve replacement (mechanical)
Bioprosthetics
Balloon aortic valvotomy
Female presents with SOB, peripheral oedema and a pansystolic murmur radiating to the axilla. What murmur is it?
Mitral regurgitation
Patient presents with SOB, fatigue, malar flush (red cheeks), with a tapping apex beat and a pandiastolic murmur. It is localised and sounds like a diastolic rumble. What murmur is this?
Mitral stenosis
What is the treatment for mitral stenosis
Diuretics, treat AF, valve replacement, balloon valvuloplasty
Man with marfans syndrome presents with SOB, collapsing pulse, wide pulse pressure and an early diastolic murmur. It does not radiate anywhere and is a whoosh cresendo. What murmur is it?
Aortic regurg.
- also common in aortic dissection
What are the vessels of the placenta and what type of blood do they carry?
Two arteries; deoxygenated blood from baby heart to mom
One vein carrying oxygenated blood
In the foetus what is the location and the function of the ductus arteriosus?
Between the pulmonary trunk bifurcation and the arch of aorta
To allow passage of deoxygenated blood to the umbilical arteries via the arch of aorta
Where is the ductus venosus and what is its function?
In the liver
Allows blood from the placenta to go directly into the IVC avoiding the liver
Where is the foramen ovale? What is its function?
Right atrium and left atrium to allow passage of oxygenated blood directly to the left side of the heart
What happens to the ductus vessels in the featus once it is born?
Become a fibrous attachment due to oxygen being a vasoconstrictor. This occurs naturally 7-10days after birth
What is PPHN in a fetus? How does it occur?
Persistent pulmonary hypertension
- when resistance to blood flow to the lungs so pressure in right side of the heart is greater than the left side so the foramen ovale remains open- mixing of blood = poor o2 saturations
What is the treatment of PPHN in babies?
Ventilarion, inhaled nitric oxide (vasodilator), inotropes (to increase systemic blood pressure)
What is acyanotic congenital heart disease?
Any condition that allows mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood entering systemic circulation e.g foramen ovale open, ductus patent, ventricular septal defect
