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Cardiovascular JC > Extras > Flashcards

Extras Flashcards

1
Q

What is the treatment for supracentricular tachycardia?

A 
A adenosine (2)
B beta blocker ( not for acute)
C calcium channel blocker
D digoxin
E excitation (vagal stim) (1)
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2
Q

What coronary vessel supplies the anterior septum and the anterior left ventricular wall \?

A

LAD

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3
Q

What coronary artery supplies the lateral wall of the left ventricle?

A

Left circumflex

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4
Q

What coronary artery supplies the inferior part of the heart?

A

Right coronary artery

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5
Q

What are some common cardiovascular conditions occuring secondary to turners syndrome? (Females with 1 x chromosome)

A

Coarcation of aorta
Aortic dissection
Congenital bicuspid aortic valve
Mitral valve prolapsed

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6
Q

What is tetralogy of fallot?

A

Oxygenated and non-oxygenated blood mixes

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7
Q

What is eisenmengers syndrome?

A

When there is ventricular septal defect causing blood flow reversal due to pressure causing cyanosis

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8
Q

What are some possible treatments for hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy?

A

Implantable defib to control ventricular arrhythmias, amiodarone, dyspyramide

Myomectomy to reduce dysponoea and angina

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9
Q

What are some of the complications from an MI?

A

DEPARTS

Death/ dresslers
Emboli
Pericarditis
Arrhythmias/ aneurysm
Tamponade
Shock
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10
Q

What are some causes for atrial fibrillation

A

DART D

Diabetes
Aortic stenosis
Rheumatic fever
Thyrotoxicosis

Dresslers

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11
Q

What can cause prominent a waves in the jugular venous pulse?

A

Right ventricular hypertrophy, they are pre systolic

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12
Q

What can cause cannon waves in the jugular venous pressure

A

Heart block

Due to artria contracting onto closed AV valves

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13
Q

Visceral pain is caused by stretching of a hollow viscus. True or false?

A

True

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14
Q

Women OD on digoxin tablets. Possible side effects?

A

Nausea
Anorexia
Visual disturbances or cardiac arrhythmias

This can cause reversed tick- st segment depression

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15
Q

Ischaemic or infiltrative disease can commonly cause what condition of the heart? What pattern on ECG would confirm this?

A

Bundle branch block

Could present with a rSR pattern on ECG

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16
Q

What can macrolides, quinolones, class III antiarrhythmias cause to an ECG?

A

QT interval prolonged

Which can lead to polymorphic ventricular tachycardia

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17
Q

What are some potential causes for a collapsing pulse? Why?

A

Due to high cardiac output states, it is a large volume pulse with a brisk rise and fall.

Aortic regurgitation, thyrotoxicosis, fever, anaemia and patent ductus arteriosus

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18
Q

Man presents with elevated JVP with V waves, a pan-systolic murmur at the left sternal edge, pulsatile hepatomegaly and a left parasternal heave. Diagnosis?

A

Tricuspid regurgitation

19
Q

What coronary artery supplies the anterior walls of the right and left ventricles, and the anterior part of the interventricular septum?

A

Anterior interventicular artery

20
Q

What does the right marginal artery supply?

A

The right ventricle

21
Q

Give examples of thrombolysis medication

A

Tissue plasminogen activator (best)

Streptokinase

22
Q

What is tetralogy of falot?

A

It is the transposition of the great vessels

Right ventricular hypertrophy
Ventricular septal defect
Right-sided outflow tract obstruction
Overriding aorta

23
Q

What is the diagnostic features of an MI with regards with adjacent limb leads and adjacent precordial needs?

A

Adjacent limb leads; ST elevation greater than or equal to 1mm

Adjacent precordial leads: ST elevation greater than or equal to 2mm

24
Q

What is dressler syndrome?

A

Secondary form of pericarditis after MI

25
Q

Visible capillary pulsations in the fingers, head bobbing, early diastolic murmur are all characteristics of what murmur?

A

Aortic regurgitation

26
Q

What is quincke’s sign?

A

Visible capillary pulsation in the fingers

27
Q

What is de musset sign?

A

Head bobbing secondary to aortic regurgitation

28
Q

What are the conditions of doing a balloon valvuloplasty on a mitral valve?

A

It must have a valve area of less than 1.5cm
It must be mobile
Non-calcified

29
Q

What is syndrome x

A

Microvascular angina with signs of decreased blood flow to heart tissue

30
Q

Give the murmur classification grades e.g 1,3,4,6

A

1; just audible
3; loud without a thrill
4; loud with a thrill
6; audible without stethoscope

31
Q

Mitral stenosis, anaemia and a thin patient would all cause a _____ first heart sound

A

Loud

Anaemia/ thyrotoxicosis (due to hyperdynamic circulation)

32
Q

What ECG changes are typically found in atrial fibrillation?

A

Absent P waves

33
Q

What are some of the complication for pericarditis?

A

DR IS TRUMP

Dressler’s syndrome
Radiotherapy
Infection (viruses, bacteria and fungi)
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
Tuberculosis
Rheumatoid arthritis
Uraemia
Malignancy
Post-myocardial infarction
34
Q

Treatment for atrial tachycardia?

A

Amiodarone or verapamil

35
Q

Treatment for atrial flutter?

A

Amiodarone

36
Q

Atro-ventricular nodal re-entry tachycardia treatment?

A

Vagal manoeuvres
Adenosine
Verapamil cardiovert

37
Q

Treatment for ventricular tachycardia

A

Lignocaine
Amiodarone
DC cardioversion

38
Q

What are some of the characteristic signs of left bundle branch block?

A

W sign in V1

M sign in V6

39
Q

What murmur is hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy associated with ?

A

Mitral regurgitation

40
Q

What are some complications of MI’s ?

A

Papillary muscle rupture
Pericarditis
Atrial fibrillation

41
Q

What is the common side effect of statins?

A

Derranged LFTs
Myositis
Myalgias (muscle pains)

42
Q

What is a common side effect of spironolactone?

A

Gynaecomastia
Dehydration
Hyponatreamia (low sodium caused)
Hyper kalaemia

43
Q

What is a common side effect of amiodarone?

A

Slate grey rash (photosensitivity)
Hepatic/. Pulmonary fibrosis
Hypo/hyper thyroidism

44
Q

What are some common side effects of GTN?

A

Headaches

Hypotension

Cardiovascular JC (8 decks)

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