Extras Flashcards
What is the treatment for supracentricular tachycardia?
A adenosine (2) B beta blocker ( not for acute) C calcium channel blocker D digoxin E excitation (vagal stim) (1)
What coronary vessel supplies the anterior septum and the anterior left ventricular wall \?
LAD
What coronary artery supplies the lateral wall of the left ventricle?
Left circumflex
What coronary artery supplies the inferior part of the heart?
Right coronary artery
What are some common cardiovascular conditions occuring secondary to turners syndrome? (Females with 1 x chromosome)
Coarcation of aorta
Aortic dissection
Congenital bicuspid aortic valve
Mitral valve prolapsed
What is tetralogy of fallot?
Oxygenated and non-oxygenated blood mixes
What is eisenmengers syndrome?
When there is ventricular septal defect causing blood flow reversal due to pressure causing cyanosis
What are some possible treatments for hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy?
Implantable defib to control ventricular arrhythmias, amiodarone, dyspyramide
Myomectomy to reduce dysponoea and angina
What are some of the complications from an MI?
DEPARTS
Death/ dresslers Emboli Pericarditis Arrhythmias/ aneurysm Tamponade Shock
What are some causes for atrial fibrillation
DART D
Diabetes
Aortic stenosis
Rheumatic fever
Thyrotoxicosis
Dresslers
What can cause prominent a waves in the jugular venous pulse?
Right ventricular hypertrophy, they are pre systolic
What can cause cannon waves in the jugular venous pressure
Heart block
Due to artria contracting onto closed AV valves
Visceral pain is caused by stretching of a hollow viscus. True or false?
True
Women OD on digoxin tablets. Possible side effects?
Nausea
Anorexia
Visual disturbances or cardiac arrhythmias
This can cause reversed tick- st segment depression
Ischaemic or infiltrative disease can commonly cause what condition of the heart? What pattern on ECG would confirm this?
Bundle branch block
Could present with a rSR pattern on ECG
What can macrolides, quinolones, class III antiarrhythmias cause to an ECG?
QT interval prolonged
Which can lead to polymorphic ventricular tachycardia
What are some potential causes for a collapsing pulse? Why?
Due to high cardiac output states, it is a large volume pulse with a brisk rise and fall.
Aortic regurgitation, thyrotoxicosis, fever, anaemia and patent ductus arteriosus
Man presents with elevated JVP with V waves, a pan-systolic murmur at the left sternal edge, pulsatile hepatomegaly and a left parasternal heave. Diagnosis?
Tricuspid regurgitation
What coronary artery supplies the anterior walls of the right and left ventricles, and the anterior part of the interventricular septum?
Anterior interventicular artery
What does the right marginal artery supply?
The right ventricle
Give examples of thrombolysis medication
Tissue plasminogen activator (best)
Streptokinase
What is tetralogy of falot?
It is the transposition of the great vessels
Right ventricular hypertrophy
Ventricular septal defect
Right-sided outflow tract obstruction
Overriding aorta
What is the diagnostic features of an MI with regards with adjacent limb leads and adjacent precordial needs?
Adjacent limb leads; ST elevation greater than or equal to 1mm
Adjacent precordial leads: ST elevation greater than or equal to 2mm
What is dressler syndrome?
Secondary form of pericarditis after MI
Visible capillary pulsations in the fingers, head bobbing, early diastolic murmur are all characteristics of what murmur?
Aortic regurgitation
What is quincke’s sign?
Visible capillary pulsation in the fingers
What is de musset sign?
Head bobbing secondary to aortic regurgitation
What are the conditions of doing a balloon valvuloplasty on a mitral valve?
It must have a valve area of less than 1.5cm
It must be mobile
Non-calcified
What is syndrome x
Microvascular angina with signs of decreased blood flow to heart tissue
Give the murmur classification grades e.g 1,3,4,6
1; just audible
3; loud without a thrill
4; loud with a thrill
6; audible without stethoscope
Mitral stenosis, anaemia and a thin patient would all cause a _____ first heart sound
Loud
Anaemia/ thyrotoxicosis (due to hyperdynamic circulation)
What ECG changes are typically found in atrial fibrillation?
Absent P waves
What are some of the complication for pericarditis?
DR IS TRUMP
Dressler’s syndrome Radiotherapy Infection (viruses, bacteria and fungi) Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) Tuberculosis Rheumatoid arthritis Uraemia Malignancy Post-myocardial infarction
Treatment for atrial tachycardia?
Amiodarone or verapamil
Treatment for atrial flutter?
Amiodarone
Atro-ventricular nodal re-entry tachycardia treatment?
Vagal manoeuvres
Adenosine
Verapamil cardiovert
Treatment for ventricular tachycardia
Lignocaine
Amiodarone
DC cardioversion
What are some of the characteristic signs of left bundle branch block?
W sign in V1
M sign in V6
What murmur is hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy associated with ?
Mitral regurgitation
What are some complications of MI’s ?
Papillary muscle rupture
Pericarditis
Atrial fibrillation
What is the common side effect of statins?
Derranged LFTs
Myositis
Myalgias (muscle pains)
What is a common side effect of spironolactone?
Gynaecomastia
Dehydration
Hyponatreamia (low sodium caused)
Hyper kalaemia
What is a common side effect of amiodarone?
Slate grey rash (photosensitivity)
Hepatic/. Pulmonary fibrosis
Hypo/hyper thyroidism
What are some common side effects of GTN?
Headaches
Hypotension
