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Beef Cattle Nutrition > Week 6 > Flashcards

Week 6 Flashcards

1
Q

co-products considerations

A 
nutrients supplied
cost/lb of nutrient
safety
mineral imbalances
equipment, storage, and feeding requirements
mycotoxins
consistent supply
roughage value
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2
Q

rice byproducts

A

rice hulls
rice bran
rice mill feed

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3
Q

rice bran

A

full-fat

defatted

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4
Q

rice mill feed

A

mixture of rice bran and ground rice hulls (full-fat, defatted)

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5
Q

rice milling

A 
paddy rice (dried, hull removed) --> brown rice kernal (outer layers removed) --> white rice kernal 
--> rice bran is outer layers?
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6
Q

rice hulls nutrients

A

very low TDN, CP, Ca, P

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7
Q

full-fat rice bran, 15% EE

A

very high TDN 70, CP 14.4, low Ca, and P

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8
Q

defated bran

A

medium TDN 56
CP 16.3
low Ca and Higher P 1.95

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9
Q

ice mill feed full-fat

A

TDN 42
CP 6.8
low Ca and P
dry cows need at least 48 TDN

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10
Q

rice mill feed defatted

A

TDN 35
CP 7.7
low Ca and P

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11
Q

rice bran feeding concerns

A

Ca:P ratio
dietary fat level
potential risk of acidosis and founder (27% starch)

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12
Q

rice bran storage and handling

A

finely ground with a powdery texture
bin storage is difficult
rancidity is a concern in warm weather

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13
Q

corn gluten

A

wet milling industry (corn syrup, corn starch, corn oil, ethanol)

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14
Q

corn distillers grains

A

dry milling industry (ethanol)

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15
Q

corn fractions

A

9,8% protein
70% starch
11% NDF

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16
Q

wet milling (corn gluten feed)

A

starch is mainly used for production of corn starch, corn syrup, and sweetener
corn oil is also used
some starch may also be converted to dextrose and fermented to produce ethanol

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17
Q

dry milling (distillers grains)

A

main source of ethanol production

grain is ground and fermented to convert starch to ethanol

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18
Q

wet milling corn gluten feed

A

remains after extraction of the larger portion of the starch, gluten and germ; sold in both dry and wet forms

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19
Q

wet milling corn gluten meal

A

remains after extraction of the larger portion of the starch and germ and the separation of the bran

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20
Q

wet milling corn germ meal and corn steep liquor

A

x

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21
Q

corn gluten feed feeding concerns

A

Ca:P ratio
sulfur levels (corn soaked in water and sulfur dioxide; book values range from 0.33 to 0.47% S
risk of acidosis and founder (rapid fiber digestion; 30% starch)
high DIP level

22
Q

corn gluten feed storage and handling

A

dry product is pelleted and stores well

storage of wet product is limited to about 2 week in cold weather and 1 week or less in warm weather

23
Q

would you expect aflatoxins to be a concern in corn gluten feed?

A

no. human consumption.

24
Q

in dry milling ___ and ____ are predominant cereal grains used

A

corn and sorghum

25
Q

distillers grains can be from

A

a signle cereal grain or a mixture of cereal grains

26
Q

______ products are available

A

wet, patially dried, and dry products

27
Q

DG

A

Distillers grains

28
Q

DGS

A

distillers grains with solubles

29
Q

DDGS

A

dried distillers grains with solubles

30
Q

distillers grains feeding concerns

A

nutrient content varies considerably
Ca:P ratio
sulfur levels (sulfuric acid is sued to clean equipment; book values range from 0,4 to 0.45%)
aflatoxins are not destroyed during ethanol production and are concentrated about 3x
risk of acidosis and founder (12-16% starch)
low DIP level

31
Q

distillers grains storage and handling

A

granular product:
does not pellet well
bin storage is not practical
spoilage of wet (30-35% DM) or partially dried (40-45% DM) distillers is a concern in warm weather (can be ensiled)

32
Q

oilseeds include

A 
cottonseed
soybeans
sunflower seed
peanuts
canola (rapeseed)
flaxseed (meal is referred to as linseed)
33
Q

whole oilseeds used for

A

energy supp

34
Q

after oil removal, remaining byproduct used for

A

protein supp

35
Q

dietary lipid levels above _____ decrease fiber digestibility

A

5%

36
Q

can feed approximately ____ of supplemental lipid per day

A

1 lb

37
Q

whole cottonseed fat

A

cows 5-6lbs/day

38
Q

whole cottonseed gossypol:

A

young bulls 10% of diet

mature bulls 15-20% of diet

39
Q

cottonseed meal

A

58% DIP

bulls 5% or less of diet

40
Q

cottonseed hull

A

excellent roughage source

highly palatable; expensive (receiving rations)

41
Q

fuZpellets

A

similar nutrient profile to whole cottonseed

plants in north carolina and georgia

42
Q

whole raw soybeans

A

dont feed to open females of breeding age; phytoestrogens could cause cystic ovaries

43
Q

soybean meal, 44% CP

A

meal and hulls

44
Q

soybean meal, 49% CP

A

meal only

45
Q

soybean hulls

A

risk of acidosis and founder; rapid digestion of NDF

46
Q

whole sunflower seed

A

palatability problems with some cows should probably be mixed with another more palatable feedstuff

47
Q

sunflower seed hulls

A

must be mixed with other feedstuff

48
Q

roughage sources

A 
cottonseed hulls
old hay
old/mature standing forage
corn stalks
sorghum stubble
oat straw
wheat straw
silage
avoid rice hulls
49
Q

alternative supplements

A

may be very economic but also have potential to cause numerous digestive, metabolic, and repro problems if not used appropriately

50
Q

problems and disadvantages of polutry litter

A

type of protein
mineral levels and ratios
public perception

51
Q

type of protein of poultry litter

A

high NPN
repro problems
lower than expected perforance
heat damaged protein

52
Q

mneral levels

A

copper toxicity

milk fever?

Beef Cattle Nutrition (4 decks)

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