Week 3

Question 1

for most beef cow-calf operations. protein and/or energy supplementation is generally needed when?

Answer 1

late summer when forage quality declines

during winter

Question 2

reasons to supplement

Answer 2

inadequate nutrient intake
conserve or stretch forage/hay supplies
improve nutrient utilization
improve performance

Question 3

steps to designing a forage supplementation program

Answer 3

determine forage quality and general forage intake
consider nutrient requirements of the animal
determine what type of supplement is needed
determine which supplement is the best buy for the needed nutrients
monitor and adjust your supplementation program as actual performance dictates

Question 4

determining quality of stored forages

Answer 4

forage testing

Question 5

determining quality: pasture

Answer 5

forage species
growing conditions
fecal consistency

Question 6

how does BCS affect supplementation needs?

Answer 6

Low: need more protein and energy
medium: ok protein supplement, can lay off TDN

Question 7

supplementation considerations: protein needs

Answer 7

always supplement to make up for shortage

Question 8

supplementation considerations: energy needs

Answer 8

supplementation will depend on cow BCS and how big the shortage is

Question 9

easiest, least expensive hay feeding scenarios

Answer 9

no supplement needed if hay is good enough

Question 10

frequent labor when needed, less expensive

Answer 10

a combination of energy and protein (cubes)

Question 11

12% cube

Answer 11

high energy, low protein

Question 12

20% cube

Answer 12

energy and protein

Question 13

20% cube, breeder

Answer 13

higher energy, same protein

Question 14

38% (40%) cube

Answer 14

slightly lower energy, high protein

Question 15

12-14% cube energy sources

Answer 15

corn, soybean hulls, wheat midds, rice bran (gradually increase levels in diet)

Question 16

corn

Answer 16

whole is best, decreased chance of acidosis

Question 17

20% cube energy and protein sources

Answer 17

corn gluten feed
distillers gains
winter pasture
whole cottonseed (max 25% of diet)

Question 18

protein sources of 40% cubes

Answer 18

cottonseed meal
soybean meal
sunflower meal
alfalfa hay
winter pasture

Question 19

feeds that have acidosis and founder concerns

Answer 19

bakery products
bread
flour, flour tortillas
any feed with rapidly fermentable CHOs

Question 20

bloat concerns due to blocking of esophagus

Answer 20

potatoes, sugar beets, others

Question 21

less consistent labor, more expensive

Answer 21

20% tub fed year round
liquid feed diet (energy dense, high fat)
feed with limiters

Question 22

dry cow goal

Answer 22

maintain BCS

Question 23

wet cow goal

Answer 23

control weight loss

Question 24

supplementation needed for bermudagrass

Answer 24

energy

Question 25

supplementation needed for bahia grass

Answer 25

energy

Question 26

supplementation needed for native range

Answer 26

protein

Question 27

when would we feed 14% cubes

Answer 27

BC deficit

Question 28

when would we feed 20% cubes

Answer 28

to increase BCS

Question 29

when would we feed 38% cubes

Answer 29

lactating

Question 30

prices of supplement from lowest to highest

Answer 30

bulk commodity feeds
cubes
convenience type feeds

Question 31

monitor and adjust your supplementation program as ______ dictates

Answer 31

performance

Question 32

frequency of energy supplements

Answer 32

best to feed every day; feeding at less frequent intervals can lead to big problems

Question 33

less % non feeders when hand fed vs self fed

Answer 33

hand fed vs self fed