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Beef Cattle Nutrition > Week 1 > Flashcards

Week 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 6 major nutrients

A

Protein, carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals, water, lipids

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2
Q

Which of these nutrients provide energy

A

Protein and carbohydrates

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3
Q

When do we have confined feeding?

A

Feedlot, background feeding, dairy, drought, winter in northern states, weaning?

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4
Q

What are the 3 components of a TMR?

A

Roughage, energy source, protein/mineral/vitamin premix

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5
Q

What is roughage usually composed of?

A

Silage, alfalfa, cottonseed hulls (7-12%)

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6
Q

What are the common energy sources?

A

Corn is #1, distillers grains (10-15%)

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7
Q

How does roughage differ in dairy cattle?

A

Increased to 10-15% to prevent acidosis, increase milk fat, promote rumen health, decrease hoof problems

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8
Q

When do we supplement?

A

When forage doesn’t meet nutritional needs
Increase BCS
Increase ADG
Improve forage utilization

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9
Q

What are the components of a supplement

A

Energy, protein

Vitamins and minerals usually separate

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10
Q

VFAs fermented in Rumen from

A

Carbohydrates and excess protein

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11
Q

Energy absorbed in SI comes from

A

Unfermented CHO, lipids, proteins

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12
Q

What nutrients are provided by microbes

A

Essential amino acids, vitamin K, B vitamins

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13
Q

Nutrients are required for

A

Maintenance, pregnancy, lactation, gain

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14
Q

Net energy system

A

Gross energy (fecal loss), digest able energy, (urine and gas loss), metabolizable energy (heat loss), net energy

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15
Q

4.4 Mcal of DE =

A

1 kg TDN

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16
Q

Metabolizable Protein System

A

CP–> RDP –> MCP–> MP

CP–> RUP–>MP

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17
Q

Crude Protein =

A

RDP+RUP

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18
Q

Ruminally degradable protein

A

natural

NPN

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19
Q

NPN

A

Urea, biuret, ammonium sulfate, etc
avoid if possible
0 to 50% utilization

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20
Q

what factors affect nutrient requirements

A

weight, breed, physiological status, fetal size, milk production, weather, activity, sex, genetics, age, previous nutrition, body composition, hair, hide, gain composition, management strategies, diet composition

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21
Q

NEm=

A

0.077 Mcal xSBW^0.75 (weight in kg)

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22
Q

MPm=

A

3.8 gm x SBW^0.75

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23
Q

Lower maintenance energy breeds require

A

90%

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24
Q

lower maintenance energy breeds include

A

brahman, santa gertrudis

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25
low maintenance energy requirement
85%
26
low maintenance energy breeds
braford, brangus
27
average maintenance energy requirement
100%
28
average maintenance energy breeds
angus (may be higher now), hereford, limousin, charolais
29
high maintenance energy requirement
>100%
30
high maintenance energy breeds
chianina (110) simmental (110-120) holstein (120)
31
maintenance energy requirements increases by ____ for lactating cows
20%
32
fetal size is influenced by
calf birth weight and stage of gestation
33
as fetal size increases, _____ increase
energy and protein
34
these increases are much greater during
the last third of gestation
35
over ____ of fetal growth occurs during the last trimester
75%
36
temperatures above or below the thermoneutral zone increase
maintenance energy requirements
37
what other environmental conditions increase maintenance energy requirements
mud, wind, rain, snow, and other environmental conditions
38
physical activity increases ____ requirements
maintenance energy requirements
39
increases range from ______ depending on conditions and distanced traveled
10-50%
40
what is the difference between the maintenance energy of a steer, heifer, and cow
they are all equal
41
maintenance energy requirements are ____ higher for bulls than steers and heifers
15%
42
requirements of TDN and CP of a 1200lb mature cow are maximum at ________ and minimum at ______
peak lactation (about the second month since calving for beef cattle or day 45 for dairy), weaning (about the 7th month since calving)
43
requirements of TDN in lbs/day at peak lactation is
16.7 lbs/day
44
requirements of TDN in lbs/day at weaning is
10.9 lbs/day
45
requirements of CP at peak lactation are
3.0 lbs/day
46
requirements of CP at weaning are
1.4 lbs/day
47
Crude protein and TDN requirements for a 1000 lb cow, 1200 lb cow, and 1400 lb cow are
greatest for 1400 lb cow, greater for 1200 lb cow, and lowest for 1000 lb cow (avg cow is 1300-1450 lbs)
48
rank cattle in order of highest nutrient needs
calves, stocker cattle, lactating cows, replacement heifers, dry cows
49
why do cows at 3 years of age need more CP and TDN than a cow at 2 years of age when they are both at peak lactation
because the 3 year old cow is producing more milk than the 2 year old cow
50
does a dry cow at 270 days gestation require more or less CP and TDN than a 3 y/o at peak lactation
less
51
nutrient priorities of lactating cows
survival, lactation, BC or reproduction
52
nutrient requirements for a 500 lb cow vs. 800 lb cow
x
53
water intake is influenced by
physiological status, physical activity, temperature, feed composition (%DM), rate of gain, composition of gain, salt content of feed
54
dry cow requires ____ gal
6
55
lactating cow requires ___ gal
11
56
800 lb steer requires __ gal
6
57
reduced water intake can lead to
decreased feed intake and thus reduced performance
58
intake of what compounds can increase water intake
salt limited feeds can increase water requirementes by 50-75% protein others
59
performance terminology for growing cattle
ADG
60
performance terminology for cows
BCS
61
visible ribs, visible spine, visible hooks/pins, no fat on tailhead, no fat on brisket, no muscle or atrophy of muscle
BCS 1
62
visible ribs, spine, hooks/pins, no fat on tailhead or brisket, no muscle or muscle atrophy
BCS 2
63
visible ribs, spine, hooks/pins, no fat on tailhead or brisket, no muscling
BCS 3
64
foreribs visible, spine slightly visible, hooks/pins visible/ no fat on tailhead, no fat on brisket, muscling is full
BCS 4
65
1 or 2 visible ribs, spine is not visible, visible hooks/pins, no fat on tailhead, no fat on brisket, full muscling
BCS 5
66
no visible ribs, no visible spine, visible hooks/pins, some fat on tailhead and brisket, full muscling
BCS 6
67
no visible ribs, no visible spine, hooks/pins slightly visible, some fat on tailhead, fat on brisket, full muscling
BCS 7
68
ribs/spine/hooks/pins not visible, abudnant fat on tailhead and brisket, full muscling
BCS 8
69
ribs/spine/hooks/pins not visible, tailhead and brisket are extremely fat, full muscling
BCS 9

Beef Cattle Nutrition (4 decks)

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