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Beef Cattle Nutrition > Week 1 > Flashcards

Week 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 6 major nutrients

A

Protein, carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals, water, lipids

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2
Q

Which of these nutrients provide energy

A

Protein and carbohydrates

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3
Q

When do we have confined feeding?

A

Feedlot, background feeding, dairy, drought, winter in northern states, weaning?

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4
Q

What are the 3 components of a TMR?

A

Roughage, energy source, protein/mineral/vitamin premix

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5
Q

What is roughage usually composed of?

A

Silage, alfalfa, cottonseed hulls (7-12%)

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6
Q

What are the common energy sources?

A

Corn is #1, distillers grains (10-15%)

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7
Q

How does roughage differ in dairy cattle?

A

Increased to 10-15% to prevent acidosis, increase milk fat, promote rumen health, decrease hoof problems

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8
Q

When do we supplement?

A

When forage doesn’t meet nutritional needs
Increase BCS
Increase ADG
Improve forage utilization

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9
Q

What are the components of a supplement

A

Energy, protein

Vitamins and minerals usually separate

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10
Q

VFAs fermented in Rumen from

A

Carbohydrates and excess protein

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11
Q

Energy absorbed in SI comes from

A

Unfermented CHO, lipids, proteins

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12
Q

What nutrients are provided by microbes

A

Essential amino acids, vitamin K, B vitamins

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13
Q

Nutrients are required for

A

Maintenance, pregnancy, lactation, gain

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14
Q

Net energy system

A

Gross energy (fecal loss), digest able energy, (urine and gas loss), metabolizable energy (heat loss), net energy

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15
Q

4.4 Mcal of DE =

A

1 kg TDN

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16
Q

Metabolizable Protein System

A

CP–> RDP –> MCP–> MP

CP–> RUP–>MP

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17
Q

Crude Protein =

A

RDP+RUP

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18
Q

Ruminally degradable protein

A

natural

NPN

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19
Q

NPN

A

Urea, biuret, ammonium sulfate, etc
avoid if possible
0 to 50% utilization

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20
Q

what factors affect nutrient requirements

A

weight, breed, physiological status, fetal size, milk production, weather, activity, sex, genetics, age, previous nutrition, body composition, hair, hide, gain composition, management strategies, diet composition

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21
Q

NEm=

A

0.077 Mcal xSBW^0.75 (weight in kg)

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22
Q

MPm=

A

3.8 gm x SBW^0.75

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23
Q

Lower maintenance energy breeds require

A

90%

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24
Q

lower maintenance energy breeds include

A

brahman, santa gertrudis

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25
Q

low maintenance energy requirement

A

85%

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26
Q

low maintenance energy breeds

A

braford, brangus

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27
Q

average maintenance energy requirement

A

100%

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28
Q

average maintenance energy breeds

A

angus (may be higher now), hereford, limousin, charolais

29
Q

high maintenance energy requirement

A

> 100%

30
Q

high maintenance energy breeds

A

chianina (110)
simmental (110-120)
holstein (120)

31
Q

maintenance energy requirements increases by ____ for lactating cows

A

20%

32
Q

fetal size is influenced by

A

calf birth weight and stage of gestation

33
Q

as fetal size increases, _____ increase

A

energy and protein

34
Q

these increases are much greater during

A

the last third of gestation

35
Q

over ____ of fetal growth occurs during the last trimester

A

75%

36
Q

temperatures above or below the thermoneutral zone increase

A

maintenance energy requirements

37
Q

what other environmental conditions increase maintenance energy requirements

A

mud, wind, rain, snow, and other environmental conditions

38
Q

physical activity increases ____ requirements

A

maintenance energy requirements

39
Q

increases range from ______ depending on conditions and distanced traveled

A

10-50%

40
Q

what is the difference between the maintenance energy of a steer, heifer, and cow

A

they are all equal

41
Q

maintenance energy requirements are ____ higher for bulls than steers and heifers

A

15%

42
Q

requirements of TDN and CP of a 1200lb mature cow are maximum at ________ and minimum at ______

A

peak lactation (about the second month since calving for beef cattle or day 45 for dairy), weaning (about the 7th month since calving)

43
Q

requirements of TDN in lbs/day at peak lactation is

A

16.7 lbs/day

44
Q

requirements of TDN in lbs/day at weaning is

A

10.9 lbs/day

45
Q

requirements of CP at peak lactation are

A

3.0 lbs/day

46
Q

requirements of CP at weaning are

A

1.4 lbs/day

47
Q

Crude protein and TDN requirements for a 1000 lb cow, 1200 lb cow, and 1400 lb cow are

A

greatest for 1400 lb cow, greater for 1200 lb cow, and lowest for 1000 lb cow (avg cow is 1300-1450 lbs)

48
Q

rank cattle in order of highest nutrient needs

A

calves, stocker cattle, lactating cows, replacement heifers, dry cows

49
Q

why do cows at 3 years of age need more CP and TDN than a cow at 2 years of age when they are both at peak lactation

A

because the 3 year old cow is producing more milk than the 2 year old cow

50
Q

does a dry cow at 270 days gestation require more or less CP and TDN than a 3 y/o at peak lactation

A

less

51
Q

nutrient priorities of lactating cows

A

survival, lactation, BC or reproduction

52
Q

nutrient requirements for a 500 lb cow vs. 800 lb cow

A

x

53
Q

water intake is influenced by

A

physiological status, physical activity, temperature, feed composition (%DM), rate of gain, composition of gain, salt content of feed

54
Q

dry cow requires ____ gal

A

6

55
Q

lactating cow requires ___ gal

A

11

56
Q

800 lb steer requires __ gal

A

6

57
Q

reduced water intake can lead to

A

decreased feed intake and thus reduced performance

58
Q

intake of what compounds can increase water intake

A

salt limited feeds can increase water requirementes by 50-75%
protein
others

59
Q

performance terminology for growing cattle

A

ADG

60
Q

performance terminology for cows

A

BCS

61
Q

visible ribs, visible spine, visible hooks/pins, no fat on tailhead, no fat on brisket, no muscle or atrophy of muscle

A

BCS 1

62
Q

visible ribs, spine, hooks/pins, no fat on tailhead or brisket, no muscle or muscle atrophy

A

BCS 2

63
Q

visible ribs, spine, hooks/pins, no fat on tailhead or brisket, no muscling

A

BCS 3

64
Q

foreribs visible, spine slightly visible, hooks/pins visible/ no fat on tailhead, no fat on brisket, muscling is full

A

BCS 4

65
Q

1 or 2 visible ribs, spine is not visible, visible hooks/pins, no fat on tailhead, no fat on brisket, full muscling

A

BCS 5

66
Q

no visible ribs, no visible spine, visible hooks/pins, some fat on tailhead and brisket, full muscling

A

BCS 6

67
Q

no visible ribs, no visible spine, hooks/pins slightly visible, some fat on tailhead, fat on brisket, full muscling

A

BCS 7

68
Q

ribs/spine/hooks/pins not visible, abudnant fat on tailhead and brisket, full muscling

A

BCS 8

69
Q

ribs/spine/hooks/pins not visible, tailhead and brisket are extremely fat, full muscling

A

BCS 9

Beef Cattle Nutrition (4 decks)

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