Week 6 Flashcards
What is a confounding variable?
A variable that varies along with both the independent and dependent variable and may be responsible for the affect attributed to the independent variable.
What is internal validity?
Results of the experiment can confidently be attributed to the effect of the independent variable.
What is solomon four-group design?
Half the participants receive just a post-test and the other half receives pre-test-post-test design.
What is independent groups design?
Participants are randomly assigned to various conditions (between-subjects design).
What is a repeated measures design?
Participants receive both conditions - participants are measured after receiving each level of the independent variable (within-subjects design). Fewer participants are needed, and it is highly sensitive to finding statistically significant differences between conditions.
What is counterbalancing?
When all possible orders of the conditions are included in the experiment.
What are latin squares?
A limited set of orders constructed to ensure that each condition appears at each ordinal position for at least some participants.
What is matched pairs design?
People are matched based on a measure (such as IQ) and then randomly assigned to a group.
What is external validity?
Extent to which the results can be generalised to other populations and settings.
What is the independent variable?
The condition where the researcher changes the conditions.
What are staged manipulations?
The researcher employs an accomplice (confederate) who can be used to create a psychological state or stimulate a situation which occurs in the real world
How can variables be measured?
Self-report measures (rating scales with descriptor anchors); Behavioural measures (direct observation of a behaviour (rate of behaviour; reaction time of behaviour; duration of behaviour) Physiological measures (recordings of response of the body i.e. galvanic skin response (GSR), electromyogram (EMG), electroencephalogram (EEG)).
