Week 6

Question 1

What is culture?

Answer 1

The shared set of values, beliefs, attitudes and behaviours typifying a group of people or population - the things we learn from the people around us, family, friends, community

Question 2

What is enculturation?

Answer 2

Process of absorbing and internalising the rules of the culture we live in

Question 3

Culture plays an important role in?

Answer 3

Communication

Question 4

People from one culture may vary to a greater extent from each other than?

Answer 4

The whole group differs from another cultural group

Question 5

What is an individualistic culture?

Answer 5

Places greater perceptions of self and I over perceptions of we, us or the group. Traits include being independent and autonomous - commonly western societies

Question 6

What is an collectivist culture?

Answer 6

Places greater value on perceptions of we, s or the group over perceptions of self and I - resources are shared

Question 7

What is intrapersonal?

Answer 7

Pertaining to factors that exist within a person. Eg gender or age

Question 8

What are microsystems? (proximate culture)

Answer 8

Family, school, neighborhood - systems that are closest to you

Question 9

Whare are macrosystem? (distal culture)

Answer 9

Collectivist or individualistic orientations, laws & policies, history, social conditions- systems that are further away

Question 10

Australia is a ___ nation

Answer 10

Multicultural

Question 11

What is cultural competence?

Answer 11

Understanding your own culture and the culture of others and having the skills to adapt your practice to be applicable to the culture of the person with whom you are interacting

Question 12

What is ethnocentrism?

Answer 12

The belief that the cultural group you identify with is superior to all other cultural groups

Question 13

What is xenophobia?

Answer 13

The fear of people from another culture

Question 14

Three areas of the concept of competency?

Answer 14

Awareness - reflects a persons conscious understanding that there are intricate cultural issues that have a variable impact on people
Knowledge - refers to the direct facts you have learnt about a particular culture
Skill - refers to the tools in our toolkit that equip you to combine your awareness and knowledge to effectively communicate with a person from a different culture

Question 15

Basic themes when communicating effectively across culture?

Answer 15

Respect, caring, listening and attending

Question 16

Can non-verbal communication be interpreted different across cultures?

Answer 16

Yes

Question 17

Do all cultures believe looking someone in the eye is ok?

Answer 17

No, some cultures believe it is inappropriate

Question 18

What issues do minority groups face that impact on the way we communicate?

Answer 18

Stereotypes and myths (discrimination), concepts of health and ill-health (spiritual origin), kinship and traditional law, gender issues (mens and womens business) wide diversity of cultures and language groups, disadvantages (access, employment, education, justice) and multi-generational legacies of trauma and grief

Question 19

What are the two main categories of behaviour?

Answer 19

Overt and covert

Question 20

What is overt behaviour?

Answer 20

Those which are directly observable, such as talking, running, scratching or blinking

Question 21

What is convert behaviour?

Answer 21

Those which go on inside the skin.

Question 22

What are the four communication styles?

Answer 22

Formal, informal, direct and indirect

Question 23

What are the characteristics of formal communication?

Answer 23

Values silence, physical closeness, soft eye contact, formal greeting and high context

Question 24

What are the characteristics of informal communication?

Answer 24

Avoid silence, physical distance, direct eye contact, animated body language, short greeting and low context

Question 25

What are the characteristics of direct communication?

Answer 25

Individual, self asserting, use I, focus on what is said and disagreement valued

Question 26

What are the characteristics of indirect communication?

Answer 26

No personal “face”, unassuming, uses we, focus on what is implied and harmony values

Question 27

Meaning of the message - what are the two types of context communication?

Answer 27

High and low

Question 28

What is low context communication?

Answer 28

Meaning is conveyed verbally and is explicit

Question 29

What is high context communication?

Answer 29

Meaning is conveyed by situation and context - what is not being said

Question 30

What are the two ways time can be seen in regards to communication?

Answer 30

Sequential or synchronic

Question 31

What is sequential communication?

Answer 31

Time is seen as a linear commodity, to spend, save or waste - people give their full attention to one topic after another

Question 32

What is synchronic communication?

Answer 32

Time is a constant flow to be experienced in the moment - the flow of time is viewed as a sort of circle, with the past, present and future all interrelated

Question 33

What are the two types of emotional language?

Answer 33

Affective and neutral

Question 34

What is affective language?

Answer 34

Cultures with high affect show their feelings plainly by laughing, smiling, grimacing, scowling, shouting etc

Question 35

What is neutral langugae?

Answer 35

Neutral cultures do not telegraph their feelings but keep them carefully controlled and subdued

Question 36

What is the formula for impending communication?

Answer 36

Verbal + non-vernal + power + context = loss of meaning

Question 37

What are the six models relevant to cultural training?

Answer 37

1. Cultural awareness
2. Cultural competence
3. Cultural safety
4. Cultural security
5. Cultural respect
6. Transcultural care

Question 38

What is cultural awareness?

Answer 38

Generally aims to increase participants awareness of cultural, social and historical factors applying to Aboriginal and TSI peoples generally and to their groups and communities

Question 39

What is transcultural care?

Answer 39

Formal areas of study and practice in the cultural beliefs, values and life ways of diverse cultures and in the use of knowledge to provide cultural-specific or cultural-universal care to individuals, families and groups of particular cultures

Question 40

What is cultural respect?

Answer 40

Upholding the rights of Aboriginal and TSI peoples to maintain, protect and develop their culture and achieve equitable health outcomes

Question 41

What is cultural safety?

Answer 41

Aims to directly address the effects of colonialism within the dominant health systems by focusing on the level of cultural safety felt by an individual seeking health care

Question 42

What is cultural security?

Answer 42

Empathises that the responsibility for the provision of culturally secure health services lies with the system as a whole rather than the individual health workers