Week 6 (27, 28, 29, 31, 33)

Question 1

Sign/Symptoms of ureteral (kidney) stones

Answer 1

1. Diaphoresis (sweat profusely)
2. Dehydration
3. Hematuria (blood in urine)
4. Pain

Question 2

Common composition of renal calculis (kidney stones) (nephrolithiasis) (2)

Answer 2

1. Calcium

2. Pain

Question 3

Polycystic Kidney Disease

Answer 3

GENETIC DISORDER

- Multiple cysts in the kidneys

Question 4

Signs/Symptoms of renal cancer

Answer 4

1) Blood in urine

2) Hypertension

Question 5

When patients have gouty arthritis, what is the cause?

Answer 5

Uric acid crystals

Question 6

Acute tubular necrosis - Prodromal stage

Answer 6

Normal or declining urine output

Question 7

Acute tubular necrosis - Oliguric (4)

Answer 7

1. Oliguria (low urine output)
2. Progressive Uremia (raised levels of urea and nitrogenous waste)
3. Decreased GFR
4. Hypervolemia (excess body fluids)

Question 8

Acute Tubular Necrosis - Postoliguric

Answer 8

Renal recovery

Question 9

Acute kidney injury - Prerenal

Answer 9

Lack of blood flow getting to kidneys (kidney perfusion)

Question 10

Acute kidney injury - Intrarenal

Answer 10

• Internal

- An infection blocking kidney functions

Question 11

Acute Kidney Injury - Postrenal

Answer 11

• Obstruction blocking urine from moving forward

Question 12

_____ is the most frequent and initial symptoms of bladder cancer

Answer 12

Hematuria

Question 13

Vesicoureteral reflux can lead to _____ ______

Answer 13

Recurrent cystitis

Question 14

_____ is the cause for majority of urinary tract infections

Answer 14

E. Coli

Question 15

What is Ureterocele?

Answer 15

Cystic dilation of the ureter

Question 16

Stress incontinence (urine is involuntarily lost)

Answer 16

Weakening of pelvic floor muscles

Question 17

Urge Continence (involuntary sudden leakage of urine along with or immediately following sensation of need to urinate)

Answer 17

Due to something inside urinary tract like tumor, infection, etc

Question 18

Cystitis (3)

Answer 18

• Inflammation of urinary bladder
• Caused by e.coli
• Transmitted through sex, hygiene, catheters, etc

Question 19

_____ poses risk for testicular cancer

Answer 19

Cryptorchidism

Question 20

Uterine Prolapse

Answer 20

Relaxation cardinal ligaments causing uterine to drop

Question 21

Endometriosis

Answer 21

Endometrial tissue grows outside uterus lining

Question 22

Leimyomas

Answer 22

Myomas aka fibroids

Know: Growth enhanced by high estrogen and growth hormone levels

Question 23

Vulvovaginitis is commonly caused by

Answer 23

Candidas albicans