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PATHO 370 > Week 4 Flash Cards > Flashcards

Week 4 Flash Cards

1
Q

What is a common sign of viral pneumonia?

A

Dry cough

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2
Q

What is a risk factor for ACTIVE PULMONARY TB

A

Immunosuppression

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3
Q

What are signs/symptoms (2) of BACTERIAL PNEUMONIA

A
  1. Productive cough

2. Parenchymal infiltrates

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4
Q

What organism causes TB

A

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

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5
Q

What is found in x-ray findings in TB?

A

Ghon Tubercle

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6
Q

Which Ig is associated with inhaled allergens in asthma?

A

IgE

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7
Q

Lack of _______ in emphysema leads to alveolar destruction?

A

Alpha anti-trypsin

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8
Q

Inflammation, Mucosal Edema, Bronchoconstriction

are associated with?

A

Allergic forms of asthma

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9
Q

Emphysema causes destruction to alveolar walls due to release of ______ enzymes from immune cells

A

Proteolytic

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10
Q

Chronic bronchitis leads to _____ due to increased _________ resistance

A

1) cor pulmonale

2) pulmonary vascular

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11
Q

Bronchoconstriction, bronchial mucosal edema, hypersecretion of mucus, and hypoxemia are associated with?

A

Acute Asthma Attack

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12
Q

Chronic inflammatory disorder, airway responsiveness, genetic susceptibility, and airway remodeling are characteristics of?

A

Asthma

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13
Q

Thick mucus, fibrosis, and smooth muscle hypertrophy are parts of airway obstruction in?

A

Chronic Bronchitis

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14
Q

Productive cough is seen in patients with?

A

Chronic Bronchitis

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15
Q

Use of accessory muscles, expiratory wheezing, coughing, and feeling of chest tightness are part of?

A

An acute asthma episode

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16
Q

What is a life-threatening complication of asthma?

A

Status asthmaticus

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17
Q

What is the hallmark for acute respiratory distress syndrome?

A

Hypoxemia

18
Q

What are the 2 signs of pneumothorax (collapsing of lungs)

A

1) Tracheal Shift

2) Respiratory distress

19
Q

What is the cause of hypersensitivity pneumonitis (lung condition that deals with inhalation of allergens)

A

Inhalation of organic substances

20
Q

What are the two types of restrictive respiratory disorders?

A

1) Pneumothorax

2) ARDS

21
Q

Air that enters pleural space during inhalation but unable to exit during expiration leads to?

A

Tension pneumothorax

The piercing into lungs, lungs are collapsed and cannot exhale

22
Q

Loss of alveolar walls, immunological in nature, and “honeycomb” appearance on x-rays are all part of?

A

Interstitial lung disease

23
Q

Presence of CD4 cells, non-productive cough, granulomas, fatigue, weight loss, and fever are common characteristics of?

A

Sarcoidosis (an autoimmune disorder)

24
Q

Dyspnea, diminished breath sounds, and tracheal shift are clinical manifestation of?

A

Pleural Effusion (fluid build up in pleural cavity)

25
Q

What is a risk factor for hypophosphatemia?

A

Magnesium-Aluminum antacids

26
Q

What is a risk factor for hypercalcemia?

A

Hyperparathyroidism
(parathyroid secretes sodium)
Hyper- (more)

27
Q

What 2 things increases neuromuscular excitability?

A

1) Hypocalcemia

2) Hypomagnesemia

28
Q

Diarrhea causes?

A

Metabolic acidosis

29
Q

What is a sign of hypernatremia?

A

Confusion

30
Q

Muscle weakness and cardiac dysrhythmias are manifestations of?

A

Hypokalemia

low potassium

31
Q

Chronic alcoholism is a cause for

A

Hypomagnesemia

32
Q

Decreased urine output is a symptom of

A

Clinical Dehydration

33
Q

Decreased antiduretic hormone can cause

A

Hypernatremia

34
Q

CONFUSION, lethargy, coma, and perhaps seizures are clinical manifestations of

A

Hyponatremia

35
Q

What is the COMPENSATION for metabolic alkalosis?

A

Hypoventilation

36
Q

Hyperventilation can cause ______ alkalosis

A

Respiratory alkalosis

37
Q

What is a sign of metabolic acidosis?

A

Headaches

38
Q

Respiratory acidosis includes increase in ______ acid

A

Increase in bicarbonate acid

39
Q

Renal compensation for respiratory acidosis is shown by elevated ______ ion concentrations

A

Elevated bicarbonate ion concentrations

40
Q

Hypoventilation can lead to _____ acidosis

A

Respiratory acidosis

41
Q

Kidney are not able to excrete ______ acids

A

carbonic acids

PATHO 370 (8 decks)

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