Week 4 Flash Cards
What is a common sign of viral pneumonia?
Dry cough
What is a risk factor for ACTIVE PULMONARY TB
Immunosuppression
What are signs/symptoms (2) of BACTERIAL PNEUMONIA
- Productive cough
2. Parenchymal infiltrates
What organism causes TB
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
What is found in x-ray findings in TB?
Ghon Tubercle
Which Ig is associated with inhaled allergens in asthma?
IgE
Lack of _______ in emphysema leads to alveolar destruction?
Alpha anti-trypsin
Inflammation, Mucosal Edema, Bronchoconstriction
are associated with?
Allergic forms of asthma
Emphysema causes destruction to alveolar walls due to release of ______ enzymes from immune cells
Proteolytic
Chronic bronchitis leads to _____ due to increased _________ resistance
1) cor pulmonale
2) pulmonary vascular
Bronchoconstriction, bronchial mucosal edema, hypersecretion of mucus, and hypoxemia are associated with?
Acute Asthma Attack
Chronic inflammatory disorder, airway responsiveness, genetic susceptibility, and airway remodeling are characteristics of?
Asthma
Thick mucus, fibrosis, and smooth muscle hypertrophy are parts of airway obstruction in?
Chronic Bronchitis
Productive cough is seen in patients with?
Chronic Bronchitis
Use of accessory muscles, expiratory wheezing, coughing, and feeling of chest tightness are part of?
An acute asthma episode
What is a life-threatening complication of asthma?
Status asthmaticus
What is the hallmark for acute respiratory distress syndrome?
Hypoxemia
What are the 2 signs of pneumothorax (collapsing of lungs)
1) Tracheal Shift
2) Respiratory distress
What is the cause of hypersensitivity pneumonitis (lung condition that deals with inhalation of allergens)
Inhalation of organic substances
What are the two types of restrictive respiratory disorders?
1) Pneumothorax
2) ARDS
Air that enters pleural space during inhalation but unable to exit during expiration leads to?
Tension pneumothorax
The piercing into lungs, lungs are collapsed and cannot exhale
Loss of alveolar walls, immunological in nature, and “honeycomb” appearance on x-rays are all part of?
Interstitial lung disease
Presence of CD4 cells, non-productive cough, granulomas, fatigue, weight loss, and fever are common characteristics of?
Sarcoidosis (an autoimmune disorder)
Dyspnea, diminished breath sounds, and tracheal shift are clinical manifestation of?
Pleural Effusion (fluid build up in pleural cavity)
What is a risk factor for hypophosphatemia?
Magnesium-Aluminum antacids
What is a risk factor for hypercalcemia?
Hyperparathyroidism
(parathyroid secretes sodium)
Hyper- (more)
What 2 things increases neuromuscular excitability?
1) Hypocalcemia
2) Hypomagnesemia
Diarrhea causes?
Metabolic acidosis
What is a sign of hypernatremia?
Confusion
Muscle weakness and cardiac dysrhythmias are manifestations of?
Hypokalemia
low potassium
Chronic alcoholism is a cause for
Hypomagnesemia
Decreased urine output is a symptom of
Clinical Dehydration
Decreased antiduretic hormone can cause
Hypernatremia
CONFUSION, lethargy, coma, and perhaps seizures are clinical manifestations of
Hyponatremia
What is the COMPENSATION for metabolic alkalosis?
Hypoventilation
Hyperventilation can cause ______ alkalosis
Respiratory alkalosis
What is a sign of metabolic acidosis?
Headaches
Respiratory acidosis includes increase in ______ acid
Increase in bicarbonate acid
Renal compensation for respiratory acidosis is shown by elevated ______ ion concentrations
Elevated bicarbonate ion concentrations
Hypoventilation can lead to _____ acidosis
Respiratory acidosis
Kidney are not able to excrete ______ acids
carbonic acids
