Week 2 Flash cards
Type I Atopic, Anaphylactic is mediated by
IgE (the immunoglobin)
Ag (antigen) –> releases histamines
Type I Atopic, Anaphylactic is CAUSED (2) by
Environmental factors
T-Cell deficiency
Type I Atopic, Anaphylactic EXAMPLES
Drug reactions –> know for test
Asthma, bee sting reactions
Type II: Cytotoxic, Cytolytic (cells breaking/dying) MEDIATED by
IgM or IgG
Type II: Cytotoxic, Cytolytic caused by
Exposure to Ag or foreign cells, tissues, or graft
Type II: Cytotoxic, Cytolytic examples
Wrong blood transfusions
Hemolytic disease of newborn
Type III: Immune Complex (arthus reaction) mediated by
IgG –> cause tissue damage or inflammation
Type III: Immune Complex CAUSED by
Autoimmunity
Persistent infection
Type III: Immune Complex EXAMPLES (4)
Autoimmune diseases
Systemic lupus (SLE)
Glomerulonephritis
Farmer’s lung arthritis
Type IV Delayed Hypersensitivity MEDIATED by
T-lymphocytes (no immunoglobins)
(remember this, it stands out from rest)
-Attracts macrophages
Type IV Delayed Hypersensitivity EXAMPLES
Tuberculin test
Multiple sclerosis
- Bence Jones protein
- Kidney damage
- Attacks bones (skulls, ribs, spine, pelvis)
- Hypercalcemia
- Honeycomb appearance
Multiple Myeloma
Hairy Cell Leukemia hallmarks
- Leukemia of mature B-cells
- Splenomegaly
- All blood cells decreased
Aplastic anemia (bone marrow destruction anemia) leads to?
Pancytopenia (decrease in all blood cells)
Pernicious Anemia is caused by?
Lack of intrinsic factor (can’t absorb B12)
Glucose-6-phsphate dehydrogenase deficiency anemia occurs when exposed to?
Certain drugs
Hemophilia characteristics
- Prolonged bleeding time
- Prolonged aPTT (intrinsic factors)
- Normal platelet count
Newborn present with melena, bleeding from umbilicus and hematuria has what?
- Vitamin K deficiency
Vitamin K deficiency characteristics
-Normal bleeding time
-Increased PT/INR (extrinsic factors)
Normal platelet count
PT/INR
-Extrinsic factors
Bleeding time
Number of platelets
aPTT
Intrinsic factors
What does aspirin do to bleeding?
Prolong bleeding time
What can chemotherapy cause?
Thrombocytopenia
What is DIC? (Disseminated intravascular coagulation)
Condition where patients hemorrhage and clot at same time
-Hemorrhage comes first, then clots
Dysfunction of liver can lead to
Clotting factor deficiency
Hallmark for ALL - Acute Lymphocytic?
-MAINLY in childhood cancer
Hallmark for Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML)
-Philadelphia Chromosome
Venous occlusion causes?
-Edema
Arterial occlusion causes?
-Ichemia
