Week 6 Flashcards by Fares Soliman

Q

What are the roles of the cardiovascular system?

A

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Q

What are the components of the cardiovascular system?

A

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Q

How is the heart divided? How much does it pump at rest?

A

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Q

Define myocardium

A

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Q

What dictates blood flow from one tissue to another?

A

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Q

What are the differences between pulmonary and systemic circulations?

A

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Q

Explain coronary circulation

A

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Q

Explain cardiac electrical conduction

A

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Q

What happens during myocardial contraction?

A

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Q

Explain venous return

A

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Q

Explain afterload

A

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Q

What are these terms: CO, SBP, DBP, MAP, RPP, EF

A

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Q

Define cardiac output

A

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Q

What is cardiac output at rest?

A

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Q

How does cardiac output differ from trained and untrained individuals?

A

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Q

What is the relationship between pressure, CO, and vascular resistance?

A

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Q

What constitutes blood pressure?

A

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Q

What are the blood pressure categories?

A

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Q

What is the difference in total vascular ares, blood flow velocity, and blood pressure in the aorta vs capillaries vs venules?

A

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Q

What is the cardiovascular control center?

A

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Q

What is the distribution of sympathetic and parasympathetic nerve fibers within the myocardium?

A

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Q

How does the ANS affect the heart?

A

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Q

Describe the sympathetic influence

A

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Q

Describe parasympathetic influence

A

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Q

Describe the central command (input from higher centers)

A

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Q

What is the influence of central command on HR?

A

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Q

Describe peripheral influence

A

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Q

What is the relationship between SV and CO?

A

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Q

What are the factors that increase SV?

A

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Q

How does SV respond to exercise?

A

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Q

During prolonged steady state exercise, what happens to SV, HR, and CO?

A

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Q

How does CO respond to increased HR, and SV?

A

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Q

What does a training-induced reduction in submaximal CO reflect?

A

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Q

What is the association between maximal CO and VO2 max?

A

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Q

Who is the most fit?

A

red

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Q

Explain

A

Improvement in Exercise Heart Rate Response with Aerobic Training Related to VO2

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Q

Who is running faster?

A

purple

Q

How does aerobic exercise affect HR, SV, and CO?

A

Q

Explain “athlete’s heart”

A

Q

What happens to myocardium as a result of aerobic vs anaerobic training?

A

Q

Is the LV mass bigger in athletes?

A

yes

Q

How does blood flow deliver O2 to skeletal muscle?

A

Q

How much of CO is delivered to skeletal muscle during maximal exercise?

A

Q

Explain blood flow in the capillaries

A

Q

What is the role of nitric oxide in tissue?

A

Q

Give an example of an organ that gets constant rate of blood flow during rest and exercise?

A

brain

Q

How does the a-v O2 difference change with exercise?

A

Q

What are the changes in a-v O2 from rest to maximal effort?

A

Q

What is the a-v O2 response during exercise?

A

Q

How much O2 does the myocardium extract?

A

Q

Explain rate pressure product

A

Q

Explain myocardial metabolism

A

Q

What is the generalized pattern of myocardial substrate use?

A

Q

What happens to BP and TPR in aerobic exercise?

A

Q

What is the BP response to resistance training?

A

Q

How is BP affected during resistance training?

A

Q

How are SBP and DBP affected during graded exercise?

A

Q

What are the effects of upper body physical activity on BP?

A

Q

Which is systolic or diastolic?

A

A) systolic
B) diastolic

Q

What is the BP response to training?

A

Q

Explain

A

Aerobic exercise reduces blood pressure in both hypertensive and normotensive persons. An increase in aerobic physical activity should be considered an important component of lifestyle modification for prevention and treatment of high blood pressure.

Q

Summary 1

A

Q

What are the muscles of inspiration?

A

Q

What are accessory muscles of inspiration?

A

Q

What are the muscles of forced expiration?

A

Q

Describe the gross anatomy of the lung

A

Q

What is the conducting zone of the lung?

A

Q

What is the respiratory zone of the lung?

A

Q

What are alveoli?

A

Q

Define the symbols: PAO2, PaO2, SaO2%, PvO2, PACO2, PaCO2, PvCO2, SvO2%, a-vO2 diff, and v

A

Q

What is the ambient air concentration?

A

Q

What mechanic constitutes ventilation?

A

Q

Explain inhalation and exhalation

A

Q

Explain

A

Q

How are pulmonary volumes and capacities affected in rest vs exercise

A

Q

Explain the FEV to FVC ratio

A

Q

How are these components affected with changes in body size?

A

they remain the same regardless of body size

Q

Explain

A

Q

How does the ventilation perfusion (V-Q) ratio change during rest and exercise?

A

Q

What helps gas exchange in lungs and tissue?

A

pressure gradient

Q

Explain

A

Q

How is O2 transported in blood?

A

Q

What is the O2 dissociation curve?

A

Q

What is the Bohr effect?

A

Q

How is CO2 transported in blood?

A

Q

What is the role of central command as it relates to pulmonary ventilation?

A

Q

Explain peripheral influence

A

Q

Explain respiration in acid-base metabolism

A

Q

Explain

A

Alveolar Po2 and Pco2 remain near resting levels throughout a range of exercise intensities, despite large increases in mixed-venous Pco2

Q

How is lung function affected as a response to aerobic fitness and physical performance

A

Q

Do we see changes in pulmonary function test in people with diseases?

A

generally no

Q

Does max heart rate change with consistent exercise?

A

No, only resting heart rate