Week 6

Question 1

erikson’s third stage (brain growth and emotional development)

Answer 1

• initiative vs. guilt
• initiative and industry develop along with the brain
• 10-15% of the brain is still developing
• myelination in the limbic system
• growth of the prefrontal cortex

Question 2

limbic system

Answer 2

the brain’s center of emotion, memory, & motivation

Question 3

prefrontal cortex

Answer 3

center of executive function

Question 4

what are the two types of motivation

Answer 4

• intrinsic
• extrinsic

Question 5

intrinsic

Answer 5

• comes from within the person
• ex. Schroeder loves to play beethoven on his piano, he practices all the time

Question 6

extrinsic

Answer 6

• comes from outside of the person
• ex. for every “A” he earns on a school assignment, Jesse’s parents pay him a dollar

Question 7

parten’s stages of play

Answer 7

1. solitary
2. onlooker
3. parallel
4. associative
5. cooperative

Question 8

solitary

Answer 8

plays alone

Question 9

onlooker

Answer 9

watches other children play

Question 10

parallel

Answer 10

plays alongside, but not with, other children

Question 11

associative

Answer 11

children play together but don’t take turns

Question 12

cooperative

Answer 12

children play together, taking turns or creating dramas

Question 13

what are the effects at age 5 for long screen times

Answer 13

• disrupted interactions with caregivers
• lower cognitive and emotional development

Question 14

What is the American Academy of Pediatrics’ recommended screen time for 2-6 yrs old

Answer 14

1 hour or less per day

Question 15

what were the effects of covid-19 on children

Answer 15

• higher screen time
• lower learning
• lower play
• lower socialization
• lower physical activity
  higher parental stress

Question 16

what are the four parenting styles

Answer 16

• authoritarian
• permissive
• authoritative
• neglectful

Question 17

authoritarian

Answer 17

• low warmth
• strict, often physical
• high expectations of maturity
• high communication from parent to child
• low communication from child to parent

Question 18

permissive

Answer 18

• high warmth
• rare discipline
• low expectations of maturity
• low communication of parent to child
• high communication of child to parent

Question 19

-authoritative

Answer 19

• high warmth
• moderate, with much discussion
• moderate expectations of maturity
• high communication of parent to child
• high communications of child to parent

Question 20

neglectful

Answer 20

• low warmth
• rare discipline
• inconsistent expectations of maturity
• low communication of parent to child
• low communication of child to parent

Question 21

major health problems in middle childhood

Answer 21

• obesity
• asthma

Question 22

piaget’s concrete operational stage

Answer 22

• children are buckling down to hard work of thinking
• still very concrete & fact-focused

Question 23

what are the task mastery for piaget’s concrete operations stage

Answer 23

• conservation
• classification
• seriation

Question 24

classification

Answer 24

sorting things into categories and levels

Question 25

seriation

Answer 25

can understand math and number lines

Question 26

piaget's theory of learning

Answer 26

children discover concepts on their own

Question 27

vygotsky's theory of learning

Answer 27

- children need scaffolded mentoring - every experience is an educational oppurtunity

Question 28

language by age 6

Answer 28

- children understand all the parts of speech - can form long sentences - can adjust their language to the context (pragmatics)

Question 29

memory

Answer 29

- working memory - children think about what they want to remember - important in learning to read - learning, experience, memory develop to knowledge base - able to use mnemonics - able to devise memorization strategies

Question 30

code mixing

Answer 30

mixing two languages in one conversation

Question 31

code switching

Answer 31

speaking one language at home, the other at school

Question 32

learning language in first 3 yrs of life

Answer 32

no brain differences between bilingual and monolingual children

Question 33

learning 2nd language age 4 through adolescence

Answer 33

- brains change - left side of cerebral cortex thickens - high reason & low emotion when asked to reason in 2nd language

Question 34

academic achievement & SES

Answer 34

- children from lower-SES families use smaller vocabularies, simpler grammar, shorter sentences - caregivers may speak and read less to their young children - children observe and imitate

Question 35

maternal education

Answer 35

- speaking and reading to children - cultural enrichment - family time and routines - encourage relatives, friends, even strangers to converse with the child