Week 4

Question 1

what are the early emotions?

Answer 1

• happiness
• sadness
• fear
• anger
• surprise
• disgust

Question 2

when does the smile take place universally

Answer 2

six weeks

Question 3

when does laughter fevelop

Answer 3

3 months

Question 4

when do you develop a full smile

Answer 4

4 months

Question 5

when do you get anger or surprised

Answer 5

4-8 months

Question 6

when do you get fear of strangers (separation anxiety, stranger wariness)

Answer 6

9-14 months

Question 7

when do you get fear of unexpected sights and sounds

Answer 7

12 months

Question 8

when do you get self-awareness

Answer 8

18 months

Question 9

what are the secondary emotions that you get from the “terrible twos”

Answer 9

• pride
• shame
• embarrassment
• guilt
• jealousy

Question 10

what are the two aspects of brain development

Answer 10

• experience expectant growth
• experience dependent growth

Question 11

experience-expectant growth

Answer 11

• basic experiences are necessary for the brain to grow normally
• all babies brains need things to see and hear, objects to manipulate, people to love

Question 12

experience-dependent growth

Answer 12

• human brains are also plastic
• neural connections grow in response to experiences that vary by culture

Question 13

when a baby learns to walk what happens

Answer 13

• synchrony becomes attachment

Question 14

what are the two universal signs of attachment

Answer 14

• contact-maintaining
• proximity-seeking

Question 15

social referencing

Answer 15

seeking emotional information from other people

Question 16

what are the four types of attachment

Answer 16

• insecure-avoidant attachment
• secure attachment
• insecure-resistant/ambivalent attachment
• disorganized attachment

Question 17

insecure-avoidant attachment

Answer 17

ignores returning caregiver

Question 18

secure attachment

Answer 18

happy contact on return, then goes back to playing

Question 19

insecure-resistant/ambivalent attachment

Answer 19

clings to returning caregiver

Question 20

disorganized attachment

Answer 20

inconsistent reactions

Question 21

what is the autonomy of a six year old

Answer 21

• children’s lower body lengthens and they become more muscular
• average BMI is the lowest it will ever be
• at least 3 1/2 feet tall
• weighs between 40-50 lbs
• looks lean
• has adult body proportions

Question 22

the six year old brain

Answer 22

• the brain grows to 85-90% of its adult weight
• the other 10-15% is crucial because it includes myelin
• sleep becomes more regular
• emotions become more balanced
• temper tantrums subside, along with uncontrollable laughter and tears
• terror subside as breain connects develop

Question 23

myelin in the brain

Answer 23

• insulate nerves and speed connection
• connections across the corpus callosum coordinate the left and right sides of the brain

Question 24

piagets periods of cognitive development stages

Answer 24

• sensorimotor
• properational
• concrete operational
• formal operational

Question 25

piagets periods of cognitive development stages (ages)

Answer 25

- sensorimotor (birth to 2 years) - preoperational (2-6 yrs) - concrete operational (6-11 yrs) - formal operational (12 yrs)

Question 26

sensorimotor

Answer 26

- active, non-reflective learning by use of sense and motor abilities - object permanence achieved

Question 27

preoperational

Answer 27

- symbolic thinking & language; egocentrism - imagination; growth of language skills

Question 28

concrete operational

Answer 28

- logic limited by direct experience - learning to use logic, grasp concepts

Question 29

formal operational

Answer 29

- abstract thinking & analysis - theoretical reasoning; interest in social, moral, other abstract issues

Question 30

centration

Answer 30

- focus on only one aspect of a situation - ex. Sally wants peter's stuffed bunny, so she takes it - egocentrism is caused by centration, not selfishness

Question 31

focus on appearance

Answer 31

seeing is believing

Question 32

static reasoning

Answer 32

- the world was and always will be as they experience it now - nana has always had gray hair

Question 33

irreversibility

Answer 33

ex. removing radishes from a salad doesn't make it edible

Question 34

conservation

Answer 34

recognition that amount of something remains the same despite changes in its appearance

Question 35

Lev Vygotskys: social learning theory

Answer 35

good mentors provide scaffolding to support children as they take the next step in their zone of Proximal development

Question 36

what is the major different between Piaget's and Vygotskys theories of learning?

Answer 36

- piaget emphasized the immaturity of child's mind - vygotsky stressed the power of social context

Question 37

are the two theories complementary or contradictory?

Answer 37

piaget's and vygotsky's theories are complementary, not contradictory

Question 38

executive function

Answer 38

- predicts children's later academic achievement - protects adolescents against destructive emotional outbursts - promotes adult coping skills

Question 39

for executive function what three cognitive abilities are combined

Answer 39

- working (recent) memory - inhibition (ability to stop and think before acting) - flexibility (ability to see things from another perspective and to change course)