Week 6 Flashcards
What is a biological study
Physiological, direct cell observation, test tube
What is epidemiologic (population health and clinical) studies
Observational studies
Experimental Studies
What are the two types of observational studies
Descriptive studies
Analytic Studies
What are the two types of experimental studies
Randomized Controlled Trial
Community Trial
What is a descriptive study
Its not a theory study you are just describing case reports and series
What types of studies can be analytic and descriptive
Cross-sectional study
Ecologic Study
What is an analytic study
You have research and a hypothesis
Clinical Trial
Community Trial
Case control study
cohort study
What are 5 goals you should have for design decesions
How should you define your exposures
In which people
How should you define your disease
How can you make your study valid
How can you make your study efficient
What are the 6 components of a study
- Population
- Exposure
3.Outcome
4.Potential Confounders - Analysis
- Communication of findings
What is case definition
Descrption of the event that you are intrested in studying can be a disease defect injury event or state
What is exposure
Determinant of intrest upon which an outcome depends can be constitutional environmental or behavioral
What is anylasis
examaination of your study data estimation of measure of disease frequency and association
What is communication of findings
Tell the appropriate persons or community what you found even if you found no association
What is the hierachy of evidence
Systematic Reviews and meta analyses
Randomized controlled double blind stucise
Cohort studies
Case control studi
Case series
Case reports
Ideas, Editorials , Opinions
Animal research
in test tube research
What is a case report
A report of health issues in one patient
A disease or disorder or undergoing usally just for one odd person
What is a case series
A report that descrribes a group of individuals who have the same health issue a few people
What are some qualties about case report and case series
No theory, no research question goal is only reporting
What is sign
An objective indication of disease that can be clinically observed such as a rash cough fever or elevated blood pressure
What is a symptom
A subjective indication of illness that is experienced by an individual but cannot be directly observed by others
What are the two types of coding systesm
International classifaction of disease (ICD)
Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorder(DSM)
What is a cross secetional prevalence study
A group of people are examined at one point in time
What is prevelance
the percentage of members of a population who have given health issue at the time of the study
what is prevalence rate ratio in cross sectional studies
A comparison of a charatersitc in two independent populations
What are some limitations of cross sectional studies
No time dimension cannot be used to assess causality
Can not show that an exposure caused a disease
What is repeated cross sectional study
Re sample and re survey same source population at two or more different time point dose not track the same individuals forward in time
What is a correlational study
Unit of analysis is the group not the indivdual
What is aggregate
a group of indivuals
What are the variables in correlation studies
Usually aggregate statistics such as the proportion of a population with a particular charterstic or the average value of the variable in the population
What is ecological fallacy
the incorect assumption that individuals follow the trends observed in population level data
experince of an individual in a population may vary significantly from the population average
