Week 2

Question 1

What is target population

Answer 1

People you want your results to apply to

Question 2

What is source population or sampling frame

Answer 2

People from whom the population is selected

Question 3

What is the sample

Answer 3

People approached to take part in the survey

Question 4

What is the study population

Answer 4

People who actually took part in the survey

Question 5

What are the 4 types of proability sampling

Answer 5

1. Simple random sampling
2. Stratified random sampling
3. Cluster sampling
4. Multistage sampling

Question 6

What is simple random sampling

Answer 6

12 out of 36 people are randomly selected

Question 7

What is stratified sampling

Answer 7

Random samples from distinct groups
Geography
Sex
3 from each stratum are randomly selected process is random

Question 8

What is cluster sampling

Answer 8

There are natural clusters rather than individual units and observations are made on all units within a cluster
more convient
1) Four out of the 10 clusters are randomly selected
2) All within the selected cluster are recruited

Question 9

What is Multistage sampling

Answer 9

Primary sampling units are selected
Secondary units selected within primary units
Five out of the 10 clusters are randomly selected
Within the selected clusters participated are again randomly sampled

Question 9

What is convenience sample

Answer 9

Selection from a non probability based source population due to ease of access to those individuals schools workplace organization or communities different than cluster because it involves randoming

Question 10

What is purposive sampling

Answer 10

recruitment of the participants for a qualitative study based on the special insights they can provide

Question 11

What is key informants

Answer 11

Individuals selected to participate in a qualittive study because they have expertise relevant to the study question

Question 12

What is berksons bias

Answer 12

Can occur when cases and controls for a study are recruited from hospitals and therefore are more likely than the general population to have comorbid conditions sampling problem

Question 13

What is healthy worker bias

Answer 13

When partcipants are recruited from occupational populations and therefore are systematically healthier than the general population

Question 14

What is exclusion bias

Answer 14

Occurs when different eligibility criteria are applied to cases and contorls such as when controls with health conditions related to an exposure are excluded but cases with those comobidilites are not exlcuded

Question 15

What can you base your sample size on

Answer 15

The effect estimate of exposure on the outcome
The ammount of errors we can accept
Variation in the population

Question 16

What is type one error

Answer 16

You think something is there when it is not

Question 17

What is type two error

Answer 17

When something is there but you missed it

Question 18

What are some other methods of data collection

Answer 18

Direct measurment of physical functioning
Blood work
Sampling other tissues
Imaging

Question 19

What is semi structured interview

Answer 19

Starts with a list of open ended questions these questions or lists are just starting points

Question 20

What is probing

Answer 20

Is an interviewing technique that prompts an interview to provide a more complete or specific response

Question 21

What are pros of interviewing

Answer 21

Train interviews to ensure the accuracy and completeness of each questionnaire

Question 22

What are the cons of interviewing

Answer 22

May requrie major time commitments expensive

Question 23

What are pros of survey

Answer 23

Cost and time effcient
Possibly of approaching a large number of participants
Best way to get hones answers to sensitive questions

Question 24

What are the cons of survey

Answer 24

Problematic for low literacy populations and who have limited intrent acess or to be unfamiliar with computer

Question 25

What is interview bias

Answer 25

repeat questions if we feel they did not answer them correctly

Question 26

What is uniformity

Answer 26

Is easiest to acoomplish when all interviewers are provided with the tools they need to follow a standardized set of procedures dosent eliminate bias just less bias

Question 27

What is the questionnarie desgin plan

Answer 27

Indentify general question categoried
Select specific question topics
Choose question and answer types
Check wording
Check order
Format layout
Pretest
Revise
USe

Question 28

What should the order of questions be

Answer 28

Better to start with easy or least general questions
Group similar questions with similar response types so that they are asked consecutively

Question 29

What are two data recording methods

Answer 29

1. Record the response on paper and to enter or scan them into a computer later for older people more chance to manage and see trends you want to rectify
2. Directly into a database some populations are uncomftable with computer techonology

Question 30

What are some layout and formating things you should consider

Answer 30

Paper based and electronic survey pages checked for gramar and mispelling
if you force a person to put in an answer they will get the wrong data or quit the survey

Question 31

What is Skip logic

Answer 31

Codes can automatically hide irrelevant question sfrom participants based on their responses to filter questions

Question 32

What is back translation

Answer 32

International studies have harmonizes studies one person translates the questionnarie from the orginal language to a new language then a second person then translates the survey instrument in the new language back into the orginal language

Question 33

What is pilot testing

Answer 33

A small scale preliminary study conducted to evaluate the feasibility of a full scale research project
The survey instument is revised based on these observations