WEEK 6 Flashcards
What are three main characteristics of intelligence?
1 abstract thinking or reasoning abilities
2 problem-solving abilities
3 the capacity to acquire knowledge
Psychometrics…
the scientific study and measurement of knowledge, abilities, attitudes, personality and other psychological characteristics
to repeat sequences of numbers or put together small puzzles
Psychometric approach…
a way of studying intelligence that emphasises analysis of the products of intelligence, especially scores on intelligence tests
Fluid intelligence…
the basic power of reasoning and problem-solving
based on lateral and divergent thinking
Crystallised intelligence
the specific knowledge gained as a result of applying fluid intelligence
e.g. learning of vocabulary
Triarchic theory of intelligence…
Sternberg’s theory that describes intelligence as having analytic, creative, and practical dimensions
What are the 8 types of intelligence?
1- linguistic intelligence, reflected in good vocabulary and reading comprehension
2 logical–mathematical intelligence, as indicated by skill at arithmetic and certain kinds of reasoning
3 spatial intelligence, seen in the ability to visualise relationships among objects in the environment
4 musical intelligence, as in abilities involving rhythm, tempo and sound identification
5 body–kinaesthetic intelligence, reflected in skill at dancing, athletics and eye–hand coordination
6 intrapersonal intelligence, displayed by self-understanding 7 interpersonal intelligence, seen in the ability to understand and interact with others
8 naturalistic intelligence, the ability to see patterns in nature
Gardner’s theory of multiple intelligence…
Understand intelligence by examining test scores, information-processing, biological and developmental research, the skills valued by different cultures, and exceptional people
A brief history of intelligence testing..
- began in France in 1904, with French psychologist Alfred Binet
What are the categories and characteristics of intellectual disability, based on IQ points?
Mild (50-70 IQ): A majority of all intellectually disabled people. Usually show no physical symptoms of abnormality. Individuals with higher IQs can marry, maintain a family and work in unskilled jobs. Abstract reasoning is difficult for those with the lower IQs of this category. Capable of some academic learning to a Year 6 level
Moderate (35-49 IQ): Often lack physical coordination. Can be trained to take care of themselves and to acquire some reading and writing skills. Abilities of a 4–7-year-old. Capable of living outside an institution with their families
Severe? (20-34 IQ): Only a few can benefit from any schooling. Can communicate vocally after extensive training. Most require constant supervision
Profound (<20 IQ): Mental age less than three. Very limited communication. Require constant supervision. Can learn to walk, utter a few simple phrases, and feed themselves
What are three important ways that mild intellectual disabilities are displayed?
1 They perform certain mental operations more slowly, such as retrieving information from long-term memory. When asked to repeat something they have learnt, they are not as quick as a person of normal intelligence.
2 They simply know fewer facts about the world. It is likely that this deficiency is caused by the third problem.
3 They are not very good at remembering to use mental strategies that may be important in learning and problem-solving. For example, they do not remember to rehearse material that must be held in short-term memory, even though they know how to do so
Cognitive psychology…
is the study of the mental processes by which information from the environment is modified, made meaningful, stored, retrieved, used and communicated to others.
