WEEK 3 Flashcards

Question

Iconic memory...

Answer 1

the sensory register for visual information

Answer 2

the focusing of mental resources on only part of a stimulus field e.g focussing solely on the conversation at a party, despite the loud music and other concurrent conversations

Answer 3

a stage of memory in which information usually lasts for around 18 seconds

Answer 4

the part of the memory system that allows us to mentally work with, or manipulate, information being held in short-term memory e.g. repeating someone's name after first hearing it, in order to remember it

Answer 5

the maximum number of items a person can recall perfectly after one presentation of the items For most people, 7, give or take 2

Answer 6

organising individual stimuli so that they will be perceived as larger units of meaningful information 'The boy in the red shirt kicked his mother in the shin'- 12 words, 43 letters, but still easy to remember

Answer 7

A method for determining how long unrehearsed information remains in short-term memory The Brown-Peterson technique is like a game to test your memory. Imagine you have a special word or number you want to remember, but it's kind of tricky because you need to keep it in your mind for a short time. First, someone tells you the special word or number, like "bunny" or "7." Then, they ask you to count out loud, like "1, 2, 3," to keep your mind busy. After counting for a little while, they ask you to remember the special word or number. Here's the tricky part: while you were counting, they try to distract you with other stuff, like talking about animals or colors. They might say, "What's your favorite animal?" or "What color is the sky?" When they ask you to remember the special word or number, it can be tough because all those other questions try to push it out of your mind. The game helps scientists understand how our memory works and how well we can remember things when we're distracted.

Answer 8

a relatively long-lasting stage of memory whose capacity to store new information is believed to be unlimited

Answer 9

a characteristic of memory in which recall of the first two or three items in a list is particularly good

Answer 10

a characteristic of memory in which recall of the last few items in a list is particularly good

Answer 11

a principle stating that the ability of a cue to aid retrieval depends on the degree to which it taps into information that was encoded at the time of the original learning

Answer 12

Memory that can be helped or hindered by similarities or differences between the context in which information is learnt and the context in which it is recalled

Answer 13

memory that is aided or impeded by a person’s internal state

Answer 14

a principle that explains how information is retrieved in semantic network theories of memory If a person is presented with the concept "dog," nodes for concepts like "bark," "beagle" and "pet" might be activated, priming him or her to think about these related words. Depending on which concept relating to "dog" is presented next, the person is able to recall any information that might be relevant to the task at hand. One such task might be to evaluate the accuracy of semantic statements. The person could, for instance, more quickly verify the statement "A beagle is a dog" if he or she already knows that the topic at hand is "dog."

Answer 15

a way of measuring forgetting by comparing the number of repetitions needed to learn and, after a delay, relearn the same material -Ebbinghaus

Answer 16

a description of forgetting as the gradual disappearance of information from memory

Answer 17

the process through which either the storage or the retrieval of information is impaired by the presence of other information

Answer 18

a cause of forgetting in which new information placed in memory interferes with the ability to recall information already in memory

Answer 19

a cause of forgetting in which information already in long-term memory interferes with the ability to remember new information Old- Yes New- No

Answer 20

Mental representations of categories of objects, events and people

Answer 21

Methods for placing information in an organised context in order to remember it

Answer 22

Central executive: controls the flow and processing of information. Visual memory store: a temporary image that stores information about the location and nature of objects. Verbal memory store: involves storage of verbal items.