Week 5B: Serum components, urinalysis, DX procedures Flashcards
Hemoglobin and hematocrit tell us
Increase or decrease in inv=travascular fluid volume. An increase in hematocrit tells us there is a fluid volume defect. A decrease in this value can lead us to determine that there is a fluid volume excess because of the dilation effect.
What does a fluid volume decrease lead to?
Hemoconcentration
Albumin is responsible for
Maintenance of colloid osmotic pressure.
What do decreased albumin levels lead to?
Decreased levels in the vascular space result in a fluid shift and create peripheral edema.
What value tells us a patient is acidotic?
a pH of less than 7.35.
What leads to metabolic acidosis?
Occurs as a result of the accumulation of unexcreted waste products
What can lead to an electrolyte imbalance?
Renal failure
What is the BUN to creatinine ratio?
Normal value is 10:1
If the BUN:CR is elevated but the ratio remains 10:1, this means…
The disorder is infrarenal or affecting the tubules of the kidneys
If the BUN:Cr is greater than 10:1, the cause is most likely…
Prerenal
What is the normal creatinine clearance?
85-135ml/min; this is the amount of creatinine excreted in the urine and the amount of creatinine in the blood over 24 hours.
What happens to creatinine clearance in renal failure?
Decrease in urine and an increase in the Cr found in the patient’s blood
What do elevated osmolarity levels indicate?
Hemoconcentration or dehydration
What does an increased anion gap indicate?
Reflects an overproduction or decreased excretion of acid products and indicates metabolic acidosis
List what we are looking at in a urinanalysis?
Appearance, pH, specific gravity, osmoalirty, protein, glucose, ketones, electrolytes, sediment, hematuria
Normal value of protein in urine?
NONE
Urine toxicology screen
UDS, used to find a cause for an aLOC. Looks at alcohol, illegal drugs, meds, substances
US (ultrasound)
Physiologic traits, masses, cysts, renal artery stenosis, obstruction
CT scan
Kidneys, ureters, bladder, urothiasis (kidney stones)la
Bladder scan
Concerned about patient fluid retention? Do a bladder scan. Tells us the volume of urine but not much else.Co
Contrast Dye radiopaque dye
Potentially nephrotoxic, need proper hydration pre and post, may need to hold certain meds (i.e. metformin)
Kidney Biopsy
Dx of Kidney disease
