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Parasitology WS > Week 5 - Trichomonidida, Entamoebida / Diagnosis of Trichomonas, Giardia > Flashcards

Week 5 - Trichomonidida, Entamoebida / Diagnosis of Trichomonas, Giardia Flashcards

1
Q

What is the classification of Trichomonadida?

A

Regnum: Eukaryota
Phylum: Parabasala
Class: Trichomonadea
Order: Trichomonadida

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2
Q

Name the two main families under Trichomonadida.

A
  1. Monocercomonadidae (Histomonas, Dientamoeba).
  2. Trichomonadidae (Trichomonas, Tritrichomonas, Pentatrichomonas).
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3
Q

Describe the structure of Trichomonadida organisms.

A

Pear-shaped with 2–6 flagella, axostyle, parabasal body, hydrogenosomes (replacing mitochondria), and an undulating membrane supported by costa.

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4
Q

What is the infective stage of Trichomonadida organisms?

A

Trophozoite; true cysts are absent, though pseudocysts can form.

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5
Q

What is the causative agent of bovine tritrichomonosis?

A

Tritrichomonas foetus.

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6
Q

How is bovine tritrichomonosis transmitted?

A

Through coitus, artificial insemination, or gynecological procedures.

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7
Q

What are the clinical symptoms in bulls and cows?

A

Bulls: Asymptomatic carriers; chronic infections in older bulls.

Cows: Early abortion, uterine discharge, pyometra, and sterility.

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8
Q

How is bovine tritrichomonosis diagnosed?

A

Direct observation in vaginal mucus, PCR, and culture in Diamond’s medium.

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9
Q

What are the prevention and control measures?

A

Artificial insemination with trichomonad-free semen.

Farm hygiene and biosecurity.

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10
Q

What is the causative agent of feline tritrichomonosis?

A

Tritrichomonas foetus C.

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11
Q

What are the symptoms of feline tritrichomonosis?

A

Chronic large bowel diarrhea with mucus and blood, inflamed anus.

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12
Q

How is feline tritrichomonosis treated?

A

Ronidazole (off-label use).

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13
Q

What is the causative agent of avian trichomonosis?

A

Trichomonas gallinae.

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14
Q

What are the symptoms of avian trichomonosis?

A

Yellow necrotic lesions in the oral cavity, pharynx, crop, and liver. Fatal in young birds.

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15
Q

How is avian trichomonosis transmitted?

A

Feeding young birds regurgitated crop contents.

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16
Q

How is avian trichomonosis diagnosed?

A

Microscopy and culture in specialized media (CPLM, Diamond’s medium).

17
Q

What are the control measures?

A

Sanitation and separation of domestic and wild birds.

18
Q

What is the causative agent of histomonosis?

A

Histomonas meleagridis.

19
Q

How is histomonosis transmitted?

A

Indirectly via Heterakis gallinarum eggs in soil or ingested by earthworms.

20
Q

What are the symptoms of histomonosis?

A

Yellow sulfur-colored feces, cyanosis of the head (“Blackhead”), caecal necrosis, and liver lesions.

21
Q

How can histomonosis be controlled?

A
  • Keep turkeys separate from chickens.
  • Control cecal worms and coccidiosis.
22
Q

Describe the morphology of Entamoeba histolytica.

A

Trophozoite: 10–60 μm, ingests red blood cells.

Cyst: 1–4 nuclei, infective stage.

23
Q

What diseases are caused by Entamoeba histolytica?

A

Dysentery, colitis, liver abscesses, and extraintestinal lesions.

24
Q

How is Entamoeba histolytica diagnosed?

A

Stool examination, serology (ELISA), and imaging studies for abscesses.

25
Q

What are the prevention methods?

A

Avoid fecal contamination of food and water, boil drinking water in endemic areas.

26
Q

What is the treatment for Entamoeba histolytica?

A

Metronidazole, paromomycin.

27
Q

What diseases are caused by Naegleria fowleri?

A

Primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM), fatal within days.

28
Q

How does Acanthamoeba spp. affect humans?

A

Causes granulomatous amoebic encephalitis (GAE) and keratitis.

29
Q

Name three significant species of Trichomonas.

A
  1. Tritrichomonas foetus: Bovine and feline trichomonosis.
  2. Trichomonas vaginalis: Human urogenital infections.
  3. Trichomonas gallinae: Avian trichomonosis.
30
Q

Describe the morphology of Trichomonas species.

A

4-5 anterior flagella, undulating membrane, pear-shaped body.

31
Q

How does Trichomonas reproduce?

A

Binary fission.

32
Q

What is the lifecycle of Giardia?

A
  1. Cysts ingested.
  2. Excyst in small intestine.
  3. Trophozoites attach to intestinal villi, multiply, and encyst.
33
Q

What are the symptoms of giardiasis?

A

Diarrhea, malabsorption, greasy or watery stools.

34
Q

How is Giardia diagnosed?

A

Stool examination, ELISA, PCR.

35
Q

What is the treatment for giardiasis?

A

Metronidazole, fenbendazole.

Parasitology WS (15 decks)

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