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Parasitology WS > Week 1 - Intro > Flashcards

Week 1 - Intro Flashcards

1
Q

One cell parasites include?

A

Protozoan
(intracellular, intracellular)

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2
Q

Multicellular parasites include?

A
  • Helminths
  • Arthropods
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3
Q

Define parasitism

A

An association where one of the partners is harmed & the other lives at the expense of the other

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4
Q

Define parasite

A

An organism which lives at least part of its life cycle on or within another organism (the host) upon which it is physiologically dependent & to which it causes harm in some way

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5
Q

Define symbiosis

A

Both partners complement each other

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6
Q

Mutualism

A

Both partners benefit each other
(depend on each other physiologically eg. Cleaning symbiosis)

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7
Q

Define commensalism

A

One partner benefits, the other is not harmed

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8
Q

Define parasitism

A

One partner benefits, the other is harmed

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9
Q

Phoresis

A
  • phoresis means ‘to carry’
  • a type of symbiotic relationship in which one organism (the smaller phorent) is mechanically carried on or in another species (host)
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10
Q

Define obligate parasite

A

This parasite is completely dependent on the host during a segment or all of its life cycle

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11
Q

Define facultative parasite

A

Casually infests the host. However the presence of host is not necessary for their development

-they can often cause very serious diseases

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12
Q

Accidental parasite

A

When a parasite attacks an unnatural host & survives
Eg. Hymenolepis diminuta (rat tapeworm)

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13
Q

Erratic parasite

A

Is one that wanders in to an organ in which it is not usually found

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14
Q

Final host
(or definitive host)

A

A host that harbours a parasite in the adult stage or where the parasite undergoes a sexual reproduction

*HOST IN WHICH THE PARASITE REACHES MATURITY

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15
Q

Intermediate host

A

Harbours the larval stages of the parasite or an asexual cycle of development takes place

(in some cases, larval development is completed in two different intermediate hosts, referred to as first & second intermediate hosts)

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16
Q

Paratenic host

A

A host that serves as a temporary refuge & vehicle for reaching an obligatory host, usually the definitive host,
Ie. It is not necessary for the completion of the parasites life cycle

-is an animal in which the parasite DOES NOT DEVELOP, only survives

17
Q

Abberant host
(dead-end host)

A

A host in which a parasite cannot persist for a longer period or develop

18
Q

Specificity of parasites can be: (4)

A
  • host specificity - > *stenotic
    *eurixic
  • topic specificity
  • seasonal specificity
  • age specificity
19
Q

Permanent parasite

A

The parasite lives all life in or on animals
Eg. Tapeworm, louse

20
Q

Temporary parasite

A

The parasite lives a part of its life in or on animals, during the feeding of mosquitos, ticks etc.

21
Q

List some diagnostic methods in parasitology: (6)

A
  • Coprological
  • Urine, skin
  • Haemotological
  • Histopathological
  • Immunological
  • Molecular biological
22
Q

How may Helminth eggs be preserved in storage of fecal samples?

A

Preserved with equal volume of 5 - 10% buffered formaline

NEVER FOR LUNG WORMS !!

23
Q

What percentage of the most important infectious diseases monitored by the WHO are caused by parasites?

A

7 out of 10.

24
Q

Which disease caused by parasites has the highest number of infected persons, according to WHO statistics?

A

Ascariosis, with 800-1,000 million infected persons.

25
Q

Name two examples of ectoparasites mentioned in the lecture.

A

Mosquitoes and ticks

26
Q

What are the two major taxonomic classifications of parasites?

A

Prokaryota and Eukaryota

27
Q

Define parasitism.

A

An association where one partner is harmed and the other benefits at the expense of the first.

28
Q

What is an obligate parasite?

A

A parasite that is completely dependent on the host during part or all of its life cycle.

29
Q

What is the difference between a definitive host and an intermediate host?

A

A definitive host harbors the parasite in its adult stage, while an intermediate host harbors the larval stages.

30
Q

What is a paratenic host?

A

A host that serves as a temporary refuge for the parasite but is not necessary for the completion of its life cycle.

31
Q

What does the term “host specificity” refer to in parasitology?

A

It refers to the range of hosts that a parasite can infect, categorized as stenotic (narrow) or eurixic (broad).

32
Q

Name the three main branches of parasitology discussed in the lecture.

A

Protozoology, Helminthology, Arachnoentomology.

Parasitology WS (15 decks)

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