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ASC273 Animal Nutrition > Week 5: trace minerals > Flashcards

Week 5: trace minerals Flashcards

1
Q

Copper is an enzyme activator for what?

A
  • repro
  • bone development
  • growth
  • connective tissue development
  • pigmentation
  • protection from oxidation
  • heart and CNS development
  • immunocompetence
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2
Q

Copper works with iron to do what?

A

Form red blood cells

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3
Q

Why is there low toxicity regulated with Cu?

A

Liver regulates levels

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4
Q

What is Cu absoroption like?

A

Generally low (3-10% ruminants, 40% horses)

Influenced by S, MO and Fe levels
Absorption high in newborns
Ruminants more susceptible to low absorption due to high sulfide levels in rumen

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5
Q

What are some Cu antagonists?

A
  • Mo
  • S
  • Fe
  • Zn
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6
Q

What are some Cu defiency symptoms?

A
  • Anemia
  • Bone disorders
  • Connective tissue disorders
  • Swayback
  • Cardiovascular disorders
  • Depigmentation
  • Diarrhoea
  • Infertility
  • Growth retardation
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7
Q

What animal is most susceptible to Cu toxicity?

A

Sheep - lower rates of bilary excrection

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8
Q

What can happen with Cu toxicity?

A

Necrosis of liver cells, jaundice, appetite loss and hepatic coma

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9
Q

What are T3 and T4?

A

Iodine
Thyroid Hormones

t3 - triiodothyronine
t4 - thryoxine

They increase metabolic rate

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10
Q

What are t3 and t4 involved in?

A
  • foetal development
  • immune defence
  • digestion
  • muscle function
  • repro seasonality
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11
Q

What can happen with iodine deficiency?

A

Increased TSH secretion (plus excess)

Gotire

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12
Q

What happens when Se Selenium and Vit E act together?

A

Protect body tissue from oxidation

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13
Q

Se is apart of what enymes?

A

Glutathione Peroxidase which helps prevent oxidative degradation of lipids

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14
Q

Se is apart of selenoenzymes which are responsible for what?

A

conversion of t4 to t3 and correct sperm development

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15
Q

Se is maintenance for what?

A

Immune function

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16
Q

What are some symptoms of Se deficiency?

A
  • White muscle disease
  • Repro disorders
  • Lowered disease resistance
  • Yellow fat disease
17
Q

What are some functions of Vit E?

A
  • Prevents formation of lipid peroxidases
  • enhances immune system
  • enhances vit A absorption
  • Vit C and DNA synthesis
18
Q

What happens when Se aids in Vit E?

A
  • nomral absorption
  • retention
  • reduces amount required to maintain lipid integrity
19
Q

What happens when Vit E aids in Se?

A
  • staying in its active form

- preventing loss

20
Q

What are good sources of Vit E?

A

Green forage, hays and cereal grains

21
Q

What is iron essential for?

A

O2 trasnport and use

22
Q

Where is excess Fe iron stored in?

A

Liver

23
Q

What can excess Fe do?

A

Reduce immunity to bacterial infections

24
Q

What type of metalloenzymes is zinc part of?

A
  • Vit A metabolism
  • Gene expression
  • Fatty acid metabolism
  • Membrane composition and stability
  • Appetite reg
25
Q

Where is zinc stored?

A

bone 15%, muscle 45%, wool %27

26
Q

What are some symptoms of Zn deficiency?

A
  • loss of appetite and anorexia
  • parakeratosis
  • excessive salivation
  • skeletal disorders
  • hypogondaism
  • reduced spermatogenesis
  • reduced lamb surivival
  • increased pregnancy toxaemia
  • imparied immune function
27
Q

What is an important function of Cobalt?

A

Required for vitB12 synthesis in the rumen

28
Q

Methylcobalamin (MeCbl) acts as what?

A

a methyl group donor (for 1-C metabolism)

29
Q

What is Adenoslycobalamin (adoCbl) for?

A

Propionate synthesis (microbes) and utilisation by the animal

30
Q

What are some symptoms of Cobalt Co defiencey?

A
  • Failed propionate metabolism
    - Propionate accumulation in rumen, reducing appetite, reduced glucose synthesis, impaired acetate clearance
  • Failured of methylation
    - Impaired methionine metabolism
  • Abnormal lipid metabolism

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ASC273 Animal Nutrition (10 decks)

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