Week 5: The Efficacy of CBT for Adult Depression

Question 1

Predictors of Outcome

Answer 1

Factors that influence treatment response (e.g., depression severity, duration).

Question 2

Importance of Identifying Predictors of Outcome

Answer 2

• Match patient to optimal therapy
• Adapt therapy to meet patient needs
• Evaluate the long-term impact of CBT treatments

Question 3

5 Rs

Answer 3

Response
Remission
Recovery
Relapse
Recurrence

*it is a characteristic of depression that patients experience a return of their symptoms

Question 4

Response

Answer 4

Patient will then start to improve and show a 50% of reduction in the number and severity of their symptoms.

They are no longer diagnosed although they may still show some symptoms

Question 5

Remission

Answer 5

Patients have no or few symptoms and are stable for a month or two.

Treatment may end at this phase.

Question 6

Recovery

Answer 6

Sustained remission of between 6 to 12 months

Question 7

Relapse

Answer 7

Occurrence of depression following some remission but before a full recovery

Question 8

Recurrence

Answer 8

Episode of depression after recovery

Question 9

Predictor

Answer 9

To describe any factors that, on their own or in combination, predict clinical outcomes.

Factors that influence an outcome but do not interact with the treatment (Patient age, gender, or severity of symptoms)

Question 10

Non-specific Predictors

Answer 10

Associated with the overall outcome regardless of treatment.

Directly influence dependent variables.

Question 11

Moderator

Answer 11

Those baseline (or other characteristics) that interact with the treatment and influence the size of the eventual treatment effect.

Answers questions: on whom and under what conditions do treatments have different effects?

Question 12

Moderating Variable

Answer 12

Variables that influence the strength or direction of the relationship between the independent (treatment) and dependent (outcome) variables.

Question 13

Regression Analysis

Answer 13

Used to examine the relationship between baseline severity and treatment outcome.

Question 14

Factors that Predict Outcomes in CBT

Answer 14

1. Therapist and center expertise
2. Psychiatric comorbidity (i.e., patients with both depression and anxiety)
3. Patient characteristics (i.e., age, gender, living status)
4. Dysfunctional Attitudes (i.e., perfectionism)

Question 15

Relapse and Recurrence

Answer 15

Remains one of the biggest challenges to treatments, whether through medication or psychological interventions.

Question 16

Residual Symptoms

Answer 16

Can include any of the symptoms of the condition/illness but present in lower total numbers or perhaps lesser severity

Strongly predictive of relapse whether the original treatment is psychotherapy or medication, or a combination of the two.