WEEK 5: spoken vs written

Question 1

Spoken vs written GRAMMAR

Answer 1

SPOKEN: sentences are short and simple
WRITTEN: sentences are structurally complex

Question 2

Spoken vs written VOCABULARY

Answer 2

SPOKEN: less lexically dense - content words tend to be spread out over a number of clauses
WRITTEN: more lexically dense - the ration of content and function words within a clause is higher

Question 3

Spoken vs written NOMINALIZATION

Answer 3

SPOKEN: more verbs than nouns, but spoken discourse may exhubit a higher level of nominalisation in e.g. lectures, debates
WRITTEN: use more nouns than verbs, have longer noun groups

Question 4

Spoken vs written CONTEXTUALIZATION

Answer 4

SPOKEN: more attached to context, because speech depends on shared situation and background for interpretation
WRITTEN: more decontextualized BUT sms need contextual knowledge too

Question 5

Spoken vs written SPONTANEITY

Answer 5

SPOKEN: uncompleted sentences, topic can change in the middle, speakers may interrupt each other
WRITTEN: structured according to convetionalized patterns and genres

Question 6

Spoken vs written REPETITION, HESITATION, REDUNDANCY

Answer 6

SPOKEN: more repetition, hesitation, redundancy because it is produced on the spot
WRITTEN: more planned, allows to go back and correct information even after long time

Question 7

What are two types of meanings?

Answer 7

1. Semantic - encoded, dictionaries
2. Pragmatic - intended meaning