WEEK 2: text, discourse Flashcards
What the text must have to be considered text?
Cohesion and coherence
- that is connected, meaninful text, we can interpret it
What is cultural text?
Those are objects, actions and behaviours which are meaningful for a given structure (photos, rituals, the place)
= sign systems, storytelling tools and symbols that contribute and shape a society’s culture
What is a discourse?
Text in a certain context and each text can be only understood as a part of whatever context it occurs in (I’m having an old friend for dinner)
What is schema?
A mental scheme/plan that we have about a topic/process
Interpretation is based on our knowledge
“Construct of familiar knowledge”
What is pressuposition?
Assumption made by a writer/speaker concerning the knowledge/views of the reader/listener
Speakers tend to overlook the background knowledge they share
e.g Jane no longer skates
What is implicature?
Anything that is implied from an utterance but that is not a condition for the truth of the utterance
- based on understanding of context and conventions in language production rather than on linguistic cues
What is cooperative principle?
Make your contribution as is required, when it is required, by the conversation in which you are engaged
What are the Grice’s maxims?
The maxim of:
1. QUALITY - tell the truth
2. QUANTITY - say as much as is needed
3. RELATION - be relevant
4. MANNER - be clear
How do Grice’s maxims work irl?
People tend to opt out maxims out of their liking to their purposes
1. Hedging (I might be wrong…)
2. Flouting (war is war) - to flout maxims —> using sarcasm, implicatures etc
3. Violate (by lying)
What is ideational metafunction?
Says that language has its function of representing ideas
What type of discourse processes do we have?
- Material - jump, kick
- Mental - love, hate
- Verbal - talk, sing
- Relational - be, appear
- Behavioural - watch, listen
- Existentional - exist, be
