Week 5 Pulmonary Function

Question 1

What is the relationship of volume to pressure in respiration?

Answer 1

Inverse relationship.
↑ Volume = ↓ Pressure (inhalation)
↓ Volume = ↑ Pressure (exhalation)

Question 2

During the rest phase of respiration (end of exhalation) the alveolar pressure is equal to the atmospheric pressure, TRUE or FALSE?

Answer 2

TRUE!

Question 3

The intrapleural pressure is always positive TRUE or FALSE?

Answer 3

FALSE. It is always negative.

Question 4

A LEFT-shift in oxyhemoglobin is correlated with increased or decreased affinity for O2?

Answer 4

Increased affinity!

Question 5

A RIGHT-shift in oxyhemoglobin is correlated with increased or decreased affinity for O2?

Answer 5

Decreased affinity!

Question 6

What organ does Hgb have a high affinity for O2?

Answer 6

The lungs

Question 7

What area of the body has a low affinity for O2?

Answer 7

Tissues

Question 8

What are 4 causes for Left Shift in oxyhemoglobin?

Answer 8

1. Alkalosis
2. ↓ Pco2
3. ↓ Temp
4. ↓ 2.3-DPG

Question 9

What are 4 causes for Right Shift in oxyhemoglobin?

Answer 9

1. Acidosis
2. ↑ Pco2
3. ↑ Temp
4. ↑ 2.3-DPG

Question 10

How does carboxyhemoglobin cause respiratory failure?

Answer 10

Carbon monoxide (CO) has a higher affinity for Hgb than O2 so there’s nothing left to carry O2 and causes hypoxia of tissues quickly.

Question 11

What are two other names for the common cold?

Answer 11

1. Infectious Rhinitis
2. nasopharyngitis

Question 12

What organism is responsible for the common cold AND what molecules adhere to the epithelial lining?

Answer 12

Rhinovirus, ICAMs (intercellular adhesion molecules)

Question 13

How does elevated estrogen in pregnancy cause rhinitis?

Answer 13

Increased blood volume stimulates nasal passages to increase mucus secretion and edema.

Question 14

What patients will be at increased risk for fungal rhinosinusitis? (3)

Answer 14

Immunocompromised
Diabetic
Atopy (Predisposition towards allergy)

Question 15

What 2 viruses causes infectious mononucleosis?

Answer 15

1. EBV (Epstein-Barr virus - also known as herpesvirus 4)
2. CMV (cytomegalovirus)

Question 16

What does the monospot blood test evaluate?

Answer 16

Heterophile antibodies produced in response to EBV that peak around 2-6 weeks post-infection.

Question 17

Most concerning complication of EBV in mononucleosis and pt education.

Answer 17

Splenic rupture. Avoid contact sports until splenomegaly is resolved.

Question 18

What is the most common cause of bacterial pharyngitis?

Answer 18

streptococcus pyogenes (30% of cases in children)

Question 19

Why does GABHS (group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus) most often affect the throat?

Answer 19

GABHS capsule bind to CD44 proteins which are found on pharyngeal epithelial cells.

Question 20

What first line treatment for GABHS pharyngitis?

Answer 20

Penicillin or amoxicillin.

Question 21

If pharyngitis is negative for GABHS (stresp cause) what is the next likely cause (3)?

Answer 21

STIs
1. Chlamydia trachomatis
2. Neisseria gonorrhoeae
3. Treponema pallidum (syphilis)

Question 22

In epiglottitis,