Week 5 Pulmonary Function Flashcards
What is the relationship of volume to pressure in respiration?
Inverse relationship.
↑ Volume = ↓ Pressure (inhalation)
↓ Volume = ↑ Pressure (exhalation)
During the rest phase of respiration (end of exhalation) the alveolar pressure is equal to the atmospheric pressure, TRUE or FALSE?
TRUE!
The intrapleural pressure is always positive TRUE or FALSE?
FALSE. It is always negative.
A LEFT-shift in oxyhemoglobin is correlated with increased or decreased affinity for O2?
Increased affinity!
A RIGHT-shift in oxyhemoglobin is correlated with increased or decreased affinity for O2?
Decreased affinity!
What organ does Hgb have a high affinity for O2?
The lungs
What area of the body has a low affinity for O2?
Tissues
What are 4 causes for Left Shift in oxyhemoglobin?
- Alkalosis
- ↓ Pco2
- ↓ Temp
- ↓ 2.3-DPG
What are 4 causes for Right Shift in oxyhemoglobin?
- Acidosis
- ↑ Pco2
- ↑ Temp
- ↑ 2.3-DPG
How does carboxyhemoglobin cause respiratory failure?
Carbon monoxide (CO) has a higher affinity for Hgb than O2 so there’s nothing left to carry O2 and causes hypoxia of tissues quickly.
What are two other names for the common cold?
- Infectious Rhinitis
- nasopharyngitis
What organism is responsible for the common cold AND what molecules adhere to the epithelial lining?
Rhinovirus, ICAMs (intercellular adhesion molecules)
How does elevated estrogen in pregnancy cause rhinitis?
Increased blood volume stimulates nasal passages to increase mucus secretion and edema.
What patients will be at increased risk for fungal rhinosinusitis? (3)
Immunocompromised
Diabetic
Atopy (Predisposition towards allergy)
What 2 viruses causes infectious mononucleosis?
- EBV (Epstein-Barr virus - also known as herpesvirus 4)
- CMV (cytomegalovirus)
What does the monospot blood test evaluate?
Heterophile antibodies produced in response to EBV that peak around 2-6 weeks post-infection.
Most concerning complication of EBV in mononucleosis and pt education.
Splenic rupture. Avoid contact sports until splenomegaly is resolved.
What is the most common cause of bacterial pharyngitis?
streptococcus pyogenes (30% of cases in children)
Why does GABHS (group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus) most often affect the throat?
GABHS capsule bind to CD44 proteins which are found on pharyngeal epithelial cells.
What first line treatment for GABHS pharyngitis?
Penicillin or amoxicillin.
If pharyngitis is negative for GABHS (stresp cause) what is the next likely cause (3)?
STIs
1. Chlamydia trachomatis
2. Neisseria gonorrhoeae
3. Treponema pallidum (syphilis)
In epiglottitis,
