Week 1 Cellular Function Flashcards
Nucleus Function
DNA replication
Ribosome assembly
What surrounds nucleus?
Nuclear envelope with pores (double walled)
Cytosol
intracellular fluid suspending organelles, proteins and cell structures.
What is DNA wound around to make chromosomes?
Histones - proteins bind DNA
Chromosomes - DNA packaged by histones in to tight threadlike packages
Mitochondria wall makeup?
- Double membrane wall
- Cristae - folds of inner mitochondrial membrane
Cristae
folds in mitochondrial membrane that increase surface area for producing ATP
What is found in the mitochondria
Mitochondrion - power generator Enzymes - Cellular respiration to create ATP from food.
Ribosomes
mtDNA - mitochondrial DNA (inherited)
Where is cellular respiration found?
Mitochondria. Using O2 and creating CO2
What type of cells have more mitochondria?
Cardiac cells due to the high energy needs.
What is the largest organelle in the cell?
The nucleus
Label picture
What component’s membrane is an extension of the outer nuclear envelope?
Endoplasmic reticulum single layer membrane
Why is the rough endoplasmic reticulum called rough?
covered in ribosomes
What do ribosomes produce?
proteins
What are two of the functions of smooth endoplasmic reticulum?
- synthesizing lipids
- detoxification
How do the proteins get to their destination from the RER?
Transport vesicles that bud from the membrane.
What area of the cell is the “Protein processing and shipping center” receiving, modifying, sorting, and shipping molecules.
Golgi apparatus
“garbage disposal” of the cell
lysosomes
Function of lysosomes
break down molecules with enzymes and breakdown with hydrolysis. Can break down the cell itself.
“Hospital of the cell”
peroxisomes
Function of peroxisomes
Break down molecules through oxidation. Produce hydrogen peroxide AND breaks it down. Metabolizes fatty acids to produce energy for cell.
Movement of solutes from higher concentration to lower concentration
diffusion
Type of diffusion that does NOT require energy or proteins.
Simple diffusion. Examples are oxygen and carbon dioxide
Type of diffusion that requires proteins to transport across AND three examples.
Facilitation diffusion.
Ex 1: aquaporon channels in the kidneys to transport water.
Ex 2: ion channels for sodium potassium and calcium.
Ex 3: Carrier proteins for glucose and amino acids
Difference between hydrostatic pressure (water inside cell) and osmotic pressure (concentration inside cell) when high.
High hydrostatic pressure pushes water out and high osmotic pressure draws water in.
Oncotic pressure is created by what component?
plasma proteins (albumin)
What type of transport moves against the concentration gradient requiring energy?
Active Transport
