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Psychopathology > Week 5 - Psychotic Disorders > Flashcards

Week 5 - Psychotic Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

What are positive symptoms?

A

Active manifestations of abnormal behaviour

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2
Q

What are negative symptoms?

A

Absence or insufficiently of normal behaviour

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3
Q

Hallucinations are a ___________ symptom?

A

Positive

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4
Q

During hallucinations, a ‘command’ involves..?

A

Being told what to do by the voices in your head

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5
Q

What is a Delusion?

A

When someone has a strong belief not consistent with what everyone else believes, despite obvious proof

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6
Q

What are paranoid delusions?

A

Strongly believing that someone is out to harm you or someone of interest - false belief

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7
Q

Delusions of grandeur are often associated with the ______ phase of bipolar

A

manic

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8
Q

Define ‘delusions of reference’

A

that general information refers to ‘you’

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9
Q

Delusions of being controlled is also referred to as __________- ________

A

Passivity phenomena

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10
Q

Formal thought disorder is another name for..?

A

Disorganised thinking

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11
Q

Negative symptoms are easier or harder to treat?

A

Harder

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12
Q

Alogia is?

A

the reduction in thoughts and speech

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13
Q

Avolition is?

A

a lack of activity initation

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14
Q

________ disorder is a CLUSTER of disorders characterised by hallucinations and/or loss of contact with reality

A

Psychotic

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15
Q

________________ is a type of psychosis with disturbed thought, perception, language, emotion etc

A

Schizophrenia

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16
Q

Are males or females at a higher risk of developing schizophrenia?

A

Males

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17
Q

For a diagnosis of _______________ DSM-5 requires 2 or more of the following over at least a month:

  • delusions
  • hallucination
  • disorganised speach
  • disorganised or catatonic behaviour
  • negative symptoms
A

Schizophrenia

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18
Q

The persistent belief contrary to reality in the absence of other symptoms of schizophrenia is…?

A

Delusional Disorder

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19
Q

Unlike schizophrenia, the delusions experienced in delusional disorder are more..?

A

Realistic

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20
Q

Delusional disorder occurs _______ in age

A

Later - between 40 an d 49

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21
Q

Is Delusional disorder common?

A

Nope - rare. 0.5 prevalance

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22
Q

Name the Disorder:

Psychotic symptoms are present for up to one month, with full return to premorbid functioning

A

Brief Psychotic Disorder

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23
Q

Name the Disorder:

When delusions develop as a result of a close relationship with a delusional individual

A

Shared psychotic disorder

Not in the DSM-5 anymore

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24
Q

Schizophreniform disorder is just like schizophrenia, but lasts _____ than __ months.

A

Less; 6

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25
Q

Schizoaffective disorder is a psychotic disorder with symptoms of both _____________ and _____ ___________

A

schizophrenia; mood disorder

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26
Q

Name the disorder:

Symptoms developed during, or within a month of substance intoxication or withdrawal

A

Substance-Induced Psychotic Disorder

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27
Q

The premorbid phase is?

A

The risk factors before change

E.g. poor peer relationships in adolescence

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28
Q

The Prodromal phase is?

A

The preliminary period of change prior to onset. E.g. Gradual deterioration of mental state etc

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29
Q

The acute phase is?

A

Active positive and negative symptoms.
- usually experienced for a year or more before treatment is sought, therefor there’s generally a poorer treatment response

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30
Q

What is the early recovery rage associated with?

A

Depression and anxiety

- reflection on the diagnosis, trauma from the episode

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31
Q

In the later recovery phase there are challenges with..?

A

Reintegration - risk of relapse is high (80%)

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32
Q

A type of psychosis which shows acute symptoms requiring hospitalization..?

A

Enduring psychosis

  • gradual onset of symptoms
  • continual negative symptoms
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33
Q

The _______-________ Model argues that a psychotic episode occurs because of an interaction between an underlying vulnerability and some triggering event.

A

Diathesis-Stress Model

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34
Q

How does dopamine associate with schizophrenia?

A

It is said that schizophrenia may be caused by over activity of the dopamine system - the “dopamine hypothesis”
- drigs that decrease dopamine, reduce schizophrenic behaviour

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35
Q

People with schizophrenia tend to have _______ ventricles and ______ activity in the frontal lobes, as well as a _______ hippocampi?

A

Enlarged; Less; Smaller

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36
Q

Dysfunction in verbal self monitoring is the inability to…?

A

Monitor ones intention to make internal speech - confuses internal speech with external

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37
Q

Hallucinating individuals have increased vividness of their _______ _________.

A

Auditory imagery

- they miss-interpret hallucinations as real sounds

38
Q

‘Token economy’ is a _______-______ intervention for people with shizophrenia

A

Psycho-Social

39
Q

Psychotic disorders are conceptualized in terms of a spectrum of severity and are characterized by the presence of __ diverse symptoms

A

5 - delusions, hallucinations, disorganized thinking or disorganized or abnormal behavior

40
Q

What are the most common types of hallucinations?

A

Auditory Hallucinations

- Can also occur in sensory modalities, eg. smell, taste, touch etc

41
Q

Symptom entailing a strongly held belief that isn’t consistent with what almost everyone else believes - despite proof of the contrary

A

Delusions

42
Q

A belief that someone, force or agency is seeking to harm the patient of interest

A

Paranoid Delusions

43
Q

The state where an individual believes that messages of a highly personal nature are being conveyed through tv or radio

A

Delusions of Reference

44
Q

______ Delusions - a false belief reg the appearance/functioning of ones body

A

Somatic

Accompanied by somatic hallucinations

45
Q

What are somatic hallucinations?

A

Heightened vigilance for internal bodily sensations

46
Q

_______ Delusions - are associated with the manic episodes of bipolar disorder. Include ideas that one has acquired special special powers, knowledge, abilities etc

A

Grandiose

47
Q

________ Delusions - When someone believes they’ve acquired the identity of a religious figure

A

Religious

48
Q

_______ Delusions - When someone believes that they’re dead or parts of their body/environment have ceased to exist

A

Nihilisric - associated with episodes of major Depression

49
Q

Delusions of ______ - beliefs of personal responsibility/deserved punishment

A

Guilt

50
Q
  1. Delusions of ______ and 2. ________ Delusions- both focus on a specific person in a persons life.
  2. Focuses on beliefs of infidelity
  3. Focuses on false beliefs that ones partner has romantic feelings of someone else
A
  1. Jealousy

2. Erotomanic

51
Q

_______ phenomenon - beliefs that the patient is under the control of some person, force or energy.

A

Passivity

52
Q

Thought ______ and thought _______ - beliefs that ones thoughts are being implanted or removed by an external force

A

Insertion; Removal

53
Q

_________ Delusions are formed without a prior psychological event

A

Primary

54
Q

_________ Delusions are secondary to abnormal changes in mood, memory or perception.

A

Secondary

55
Q

______ belief symptoms are highly adaptive to changing the environment

A

Complex

56
Q

Disorganisd thinking is also referred to as ________ ________ Disorder

A

Formal Thought

57
Q

__________ thinking refers to disturbances in the logical sequencing and coherence of thought

A

Disorganised

58
Q

The severity of disorganised thinking is assessed by the persons ________?

A

Speech - the flow and sequencing, disjointed or nonsensical

59
Q

Circumstantiality, tangentiality, clang associations and echolalia are what types of manifestations in reg to disturbances in thought??

A

Positive

60
Q

A reduced stream of thought as evident in poverty of speech is what type of manifestation in reg to disturbances in thought??

A

Negative

61
Q

In reg to disturbances in thought, the manifestation ‘circumstantiality’ refers to?

A

Speech that is indirect and long-winded in conveying meaning

62
Q

In reg to disturbances in thought, the manifestation ‘tangentiality’ refers to?

A

Describes irreverent responses to questions

63
Q

In reg to disturbances in thought, the manifestation ‘derailment’ refers to?

A

When a persons comment slips off one idea to another

64
Q

In reg to disturbances in thought, the manifestation ‘clang associations’ refer to?

A

When phrases may become linked through sounds rather than meaning. e.g. “pass the spoon, moon, I am a cocoon”

65
Q

In reg to disturbances in thought, the manifestation ‘echolalia’ refer to?

A

When utterances of others repeated

66
Q

_________ behavior is marked by motor abnormalities such as unusual postures or engaging in repetitive movements

A

Catatonic

67
Q

definition of ‘stupor’?

A

no psychomotor activity - not actively relating to the environment

68
Q

Define ‘catalepsy’

A

Maintaining a rigid body posture

69
Q

Define ‘stereotypy’

A

abnormal, repetitive, non-goal directed movements. e.g. stepping back and forth on the spot

70
Q

Define ‘echolalia’

A

mimicking another’s speech

71
Q

Define ‘grimacing’

A

odd facial movements

72
Q

Define ‘echopraxia’

A

mimicking another’s movement

73
Q

The presence of catatonic symptoms is associated with an earlier age of onset of __________ illness

A

Psychotic

74
Q

In reg to negative symptoms, ‘alogia’ refers to?

A

a reduction in thoughts which is reflected in decreased speech

75
Q

In neg symptoms, ‘affective flattening’ is?

A

a lack of emotional expressiveness and a loss of emotional experience

76
Q

Define ‘avolition’

A

a lack of initiation of activities - can be mistaken for laziness

77
Q

Scizophrenia is diagnosed where _ or more symptoms are present for a sig proportion of the time during a _ month period

A

2; 1

78
Q

Which psychotic disorder was defined from the words ‘schizein’ (to split) and ‘phren’ (mind)?

A

Schizophrenia

79
Q

Ratio of schizophrenia men : women?

A

3:2

80
Q

what is the “duration of untreated psychosis” (DUP)?

A

Time taken to respond to treatment once commenced

81
Q

Problems in the storage of information/disordered speech is the result of?

A

Thought disorder

82
Q

Catatonic Behavior involves:

A

Marked motor abnormalities such as, weird posture and engaging in repetitive movements

83
Q

Grossly organised behavior, such as catalepsy, stupor and posturing, is seen in…

A

Psychosis

84
Q

Define waxy flexibility?

A

Remaining in a particular posture, even when limbs are moved into place by another person

85
Q

Define mutism?

A

opposition or no response to external stimuli

86
Q

Define posturing?

A

Spontaneous and active maintenance of a posture

87
Q

Define Mannerism?

A

Odd actions

88
Q

Define thought blocking?

A

The cessation of speech mid sentance

89
Q

A family interaction style of ‘Expressed emotion (EE)’ on someone recovering from a psychotic disorder, is good or bad for the person recovering?

A

Bad - when family members are overly protective and self sacrificing towards the person with a psychological disorder while expressing high levels of criticism and hostility, may contribute to a persons relapse.

People who experience Expressed emotion (EE) from their family members are 2-3 times more likely to relapse.

90
Q

The concordance rare is..?

A

the probability that both members of a twin pair will develop the same disorder.

91
Q

what does the neurological disorder ‘Tarditive dyskinesia’ entail..?

A

.. involuntary movements of the tongue, face, mouth or jaw which may be a result from taking neuroleptic drigs

Psychopathology (9 decks)

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