Week 5 - Psychotic Disorders Flashcards
1
Q
What are positive symptoms?
A
Active manifestations of abnormal behaviour
2
Q
What are negative symptoms?
A
Absence or insufficiently of normal behaviour
3
Q
Hallucinations are a ___________ symptom?
A
Positive
4
Q
During hallucinations, a ‘command’ involves..?
A
Being told what to do by the voices in your head
5
Q
What is a Delusion?
A
When someone has a strong belief not consistent with what everyone else believes, despite obvious proof
6
Q
What are paranoid delusions?
A
Strongly believing that someone is out to harm you or someone of interest - false belief
7
Q
Delusions of grandeur are often associated with the ______ phase of bipolar
A
manic
8
Q
Define ‘delusions of reference’
A
that general information refers to ‘you’
9
Q
Delusions of being controlled is also referred to as __________- ________
A
Passivity phenomena
10
Q
Formal thought disorder is another name for..?
A
Disorganised thinking
11
Q
Negative symptoms are easier or harder to treat?
A
Harder
12
Q
Alogia is?
A
the reduction in thoughts and speech
13
Q
Avolition is?
A
a lack of activity initation
14
Q
________ disorder is a CLUSTER of disorders characterised by hallucinations and/or loss of contact with reality
A
Psychotic
15
Q
________________ is a type of psychosis with disturbed thought, perception, language, emotion etc
A
Schizophrenia
16
Q
Are males or females at a higher risk of developing schizophrenia?
A
Males
17
Q
For a diagnosis of _______________ DSM-5 requires 2 or more of the following over at least a month:
- delusions
- hallucination
- disorganised speach
- disorganised or catatonic behaviour
- negative symptoms
A
Schizophrenia
18
Q
The persistent belief contrary to reality in the absence of other symptoms of schizophrenia is…?
A
Delusional Disorder
19
Q
Unlike schizophrenia, the delusions experienced in delusional disorder are more..?
A
Realistic
20
Q
Delusional disorder occurs _______ in age
A
Later - between 40 an d 49
21
Q
Is Delusional disorder common?
A
Nope - rare. 0.5 prevalance
22
Q
Name the Disorder:
Psychotic symptoms are present for up to one month, with full return to premorbid functioning
A
Brief Psychotic Disorder
23
Q
Name the Disorder:
When delusions develop as a result of a close relationship with a delusional individual
A
Shared psychotic disorder
Not in the DSM-5 anymore
24
Q
Schizophreniform disorder is just like schizophrenia, but lasts _____ than __ months.
A
Less; 6
25
Schizoaffective disorder is a psychotic disorder with symptoms of both _____________ and _____ ___________
schizophrenia; mood disorder
26
Name the disorder:
| Symptoms developed during, or within a month of substance intoxication or withdrawal
Substance-Induced Psychotic Disorder
27
The premorbid phase is?
The risk factors before change
| E.g. poor peer relationships in adolescence
28
The Prodromal phase is?
The preliminary period of change prior to onset. E.g. Gradual deterioration of mental state etc
29
The acute phase is?
Active positive and negative symptoms.
- usually experienced for a year or more before treatment is sought, therefor there's generally a poorer treatment response
30
What is the early recovery rage associated with?
Depression and anxiety
| - reflection on the diagnosis, trauma from the episode
31
In the later recovery phase there are challenges with..?
Reintegration - risk of relapse is high (80%)
32
A type of psychosis which shows acute symptoms requiring hospitalization..?
Enduring psychosis
- gradual onset of symptoms
- continual negative symptoms
33
The _______-________ Model argues that a psychotic episode occurs because of an interaction between an underlying vulnerability and some triggering event.
Diathesis-Stress Model
34
How does dopamine associate with schizophrenia?
It is said that schizophrenia may be caused by over activity of the dopamine system - the "dopamine hypothesis"
- drigs that decrease dopamine, reduce schizophrenic behaviour
35
People with schizophrenia tend to have _______ ventricles and ______ activity in the frontal lobes, as well as a _______ hippocampi?
Enlarged; Less; Smaller
36
Dysfunction in verbal self monitoring is the inability to...?
Monitor ones intention to make internal speech - confuses internal speech with external
37
Hallucinating individuals have increased vividness of their _______ _________.
Auditory imagery
| - they miss-interpret hallucinations as real sounds
38
'Token economy' is a _______-______ intervention for people with shizophrenia
Psycho-Social
39
Psychotic disorders are conceptualized in terms of a spectrum of severity and are characterized by the presence of __ diverse symptoms
5 - delusions, hallucinations, disorganized thinking or disorganized or abnormal behavior
40
What are the most common types of hallucinations?
Auditory Hallucinations
| - Can also occur in sensory modalities, eg. smell, taste, touch etc
41
Symptom entailing a strongly held belief that isn't consistent with what almost everyone else believes - despite proof of the contrary
Delusions
42
A belief that someone, force or agency is seeking to harm the patient of interest
Paranoid Delusions
43
The state where an individual believes that messages of a highly personal nature are being conveyed through tv or radio
Delusions of Reference
44
______ Delusions - a false belief reg the appearance/functioning of ones body
Somatic
Accompanied by somatic hallucinations
45
What are somatic hallucinations?
Heightened vigilance for internal bodily sensations
46
_______ Delusions - are associated with the manic episodes of bipolar disorder. Include ideas that one has acquired special special powers, knowledge, abilities etc
Grandiose
47
________ Delusions - When someone believes they've acquired the identity of a religious figure
Religious
48
_______ Delusions - When someone believes that they're dead or parts of their body/environment have ceased to exist
Nihilisric - associated with episodes of major Depression
49
Delusions of ______ - beliefs of personal responsibility/deserved punishment
Guilt
50
1. Delusions of ______ and 2. ________ Delusions- both focus on a specific person in a persons life.
1. Focuses on beliefs of infidelity
2. Focuses on false beliefs that ones partner has romantic feelings of someone else
1. Jealousy
| 2. Erotomanic
51
_______ phenomenon - beliefs that the patient is under the control of some person, force or energy.
Passivity
52
Thought ______ and thought _______ - beliefs that ones thoughts are being implanted or removed by an external force
Insertion; Removal
53
_________ Delusions are formed without a prior psychological event
Primary
54
_________ Delusions are secondary to abnormal changes in mood, memory or perception.
Secondary
55
______ belief symptoms are highly adaptive to changing the environment
Complex
56
Disorganisd thinking is also referred to as ________ ________ Disorder
Formal Thought
57
__________ thinking refers to disturbances in the logical sequencing and coherence of thought
Disorganised
58
The severity of disorganised thinking is assessed by the persons ________?
Speech - the flow and sequencing, disjointed or nonsensical
59
Circumstantiality, tangentiality, clang associations and echolalia are what types of manifestations in reg to disturbances in thought??
Positive
60
A reduced stream of thought as evident in poverty of speech is what type of manifestation in reg to disturbances in thought??
Negative
61
In reg to disturbances in thought, the manifestation 'circumstantiality' refers to?
Speech that is indirect and long-winded in conveying meaning
62
In reg to disturbances in thought, the manifestation 'tangentiality' refers to?
Describes irreverent responses to questions
63
In reg to disturbances in thought, the manifestation 'derailment' refers to?
When a persons comment slips off one idea to another
64
In reg to disturbances in thought, the manifestation 'clang associations' refer to?
When phrases may become linked through sounds rather than meaning. e.g. "pass the spoon, moon, I am a cocoon"
65
In reg to disturbances in thought, the manifestation 'echolalia' refer to?
When utterances of others repeated
66
_________ behavior is marked by motor abnormalities such as unusual postures or engaging in repetitive movements
Catatonic
67
definition of 'stupor'?
no psychomotor activity - not actively relating to the environment
68
Define 'catalepsy'
Maintaining a rigid body posture
69
Define 'stereotypy'
abnormal, repetitive, non-goal directed movements. e.g. stepping back and forth on the spot
70
Define 'echolalia'
mimicking another's speech
71
Define 'grimacing'
odd facial movements
72
Define 'echopraxia'
mimicking another's movement
73
The presence of catatonic symptoms is associated with an earlier age of onset of __________ illness
Psychotic
74
In reg to negative symptoms, 'alogia' refers to?
a reduction in thoughts which is reflected in decreased speech
75
In neg symptoms, 'affective flattening' is?
a lack of emotional expressiveness and a loss of emotional experience
76
Define 'avolition'
a lack of initiation of activities - can be mistaken for laziness
77
Scizophrenia is diagnosed where _ or more symptoms are present for a sig proportion of the time during a _ month period
2; 1
78
Which psychotic disorder was defined from the words 'schizein' (to split) and 'phren' (mind)?
Schizophrenia
79
Ratio of schizophrenia men : women?
3:2
80
what is the "duration of untreated psychosis" (DUP)?
Time taken to respond to treatment once commenced
81
Problems in the storage of information/disordered speech is the result of?
Thought disorder
82
Catatonic Behavior involves:
Marked motor abnormalities such as, weird posture and engaging in repetitive movements
83
Grossly organised behavior, such as catalepsy, stupor and posturing, is seen in...
Psychosis
84
Define waxy flexibility?
Remaining in a particular posture, even when limbs are moved into place by another person
85
Define mutism?
opposition or no response to external stimuli
86
Define posturing?
Spontaneous and active maintenance of a posture
87
Define Mannerism?
Odd actions
88
Define thought blocking?
The cessation of speech mid sentance
89
A family interaction style of 'Expressed emotion (EE)' on someone recovering from a psychotic disorder, is good or bad for the person recovering?
Bad - when family members are overly protective and self sacrificing towards the person with a psychological disorder while expressing high levels of criticism and hostility, may contribute to a persons relapse.
People who experience Expressed emotion (EE) from their family members are 2-3 times more likely to relapse.
90
The concordance rare is..?
the probability that both members of a twin pair will develop the same disorder.
91
what does the neurological disorder 'Tarditive dyskinesia' entail..?
.. involuntary movements of the tongue, face, mouth or jaw which may be a result from taking neuroleptic drigs
