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Course 2 - Bits and Bytes of Networking* > Week 5 - POTS and Dial-Up and Broadband Connections and Fiber > Flashcards

Week 5 - POTS and Dial-Up and Broadband Connections and Fiber Flashcards

1
Q

What is PSTN? What is it also called?

A

Public Switched Telephone Network

also called POTS

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2
Q

What does modem stand for?

A

Modulator demodulator

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3
Q

How does a dial-up modem work?

A

It transfers bits of data into audible wavelengths sent over POTS

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4
Q

What is a baud rate?

A

baud rate is the measurement of how many bits can be passed across a phone line in a second

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5
Q

What is broadband?

A

Broadband describes anything that isn’t a dial-up connection

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6
Q

What are T-carrier technologies? Who invented it?

A

Invented by AT&T, it transmits multiple phone calls over a single link

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7
Q

How many simultaneous phone call connections are there in a single T1 connection?

A

24

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8
Q

What’s the transfer speed of a T1 connection?

A

1.544 megabits a second

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9
Q

What’s the connection speed of an AT3/T3?

A

44.736 megabits per second

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10
Q

What are DSLAMS?

A

Digital Subscriber Line Access Multiplexers

modems for DSL lines

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11
Q

What does ADSL and SDSL stand for?

A

Asymmetrical digital subscriber lines

Symmetrical digital subscriber lines

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12
Q

What is HDSL?

A

High bitrate digital subscriber line

has speeds over 1.544 mb/s

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13
Q

What’s the difference between SDSL and ADSL?

A

ADSL - faster download, slower upload speed
SDSL - same download and upload speed

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14
Q

How does cable broadband not interfere with TV broadcasts signals?

A

Cable broadband uses frequencies that don’t interfere with TV signals

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15
Q

What type of cable is a coaxial cable?

A

shared bandwidth technology between users until it reaches ISPs core network

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16
Q

What is a CO and what does a CO look like now?

A

CO is a building to which subscriber home/business lines are connected to on a local loop

CO now has automated hardware that handles this function

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17
Q

What is a cable modem?

A

The cable modem device sits at the edge of the consumer network and connects it to the CMTS

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18
Q

What connects CMTS to a consumer’s network?

A

cable modem

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19
Q

What is CMTS?

A

cable modem termination system

connects different cable connections to an ISP’s core network

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20
Q

What technology used CO? How was the bandwidth?

A

Central offices were/are used by dial-up and DSL connections and guaranteed a certain amount of bandwidth

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21
Q

What is FTTX?

A

Fiber to the X, x can mean many things

22
Q

What is FTTN?

A

Fiber to the neighborhood

delivers fiber to a single cabinet for certain population

23
Q

What is FTTB?

A

fiber to the building/basement/business

twisted copper wires are used to connect everyone inside the building after

24
Q

What is FTTP?

A

fiber to the premises

FTTB and FTTH can be called FTTP

25
Q

What is ONT?

A

ONT is optical network terminator

converts data from protocols the fiber networks use to something the twisted copper wires can understand

26
Q

What is FTTH?

A

Fiber to the home

fiber to each individual home/apartment

27
Q

What does PPP stand for?

A

Point to Point Protocol

28
Q

what does CHAP stand for? (authentication)

A

Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol

29
Q

What layer does PPP work on?

A

Data Link Layer

30
Q

What is PPP? Between how many linked devices?

A

The main function of PPP is to transport encapsulated L3 protocols over serial links (between 2 directly linked devices ONLY)

31
Q

What are the 4 PPP configuring options?

A
  1. Multilink
    2.Compression
  2. Authentication
  3. Error detection
32
Q

What are the 2 sub protocols for PPP on the network layer?

A

NCP network control protocol
LCP link control protocol

33
Q

How is PPP data sent?

A

PPP data is encapsulated in a frame

34
Q

What do you call the demarcation point for fiber technologies?

A

ONT

35
Q

What is the NCP for PPP? What does it do?

A

Network Control Protocol

NCP helps the router determine how to transport the encapsulated L3 protocols

(NCP and LCP protocols control L3)

36
Q

What is the LCP for PPP? What 5 PPP configurations does it help with?

A

Link Control Protocol

  1. auto start/ends connections for hosts link establishment
  2. authentication
  3. error detection
  4. load balancing
  5. multilink
37
Q

What does CHAP do?

A

CHAP is a 3 way handshake authentication that periodically confirms the client’s identity

Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol

38
Q

What does PAP stand for? What does it do?

A

PAP stands for password authentication protocol

uses passwords to validate users

39
Q

What does the Flag do in a PPP frame?

A

1 byte - lets receiver know this is the beginning of the frame

(there may be a start/end flag)

40
Q

What does the Address field in a PPP frame contain?

A

1 byte - contains broadcast address

41
Q

What does the Control field in a PPP frame contain?

A

1 byte - allows a connectionless data link

42
Q

What does the Protocol field in a PPP frame contain?

A

1-3 bytes - identify network protocol of datagram

43
Q

What’s the data size limit of a PPP frame?

A

1500 bytes per frame

44
Q

What does FCS stand for and what does it do?

A

Frame Check Sequence

Makes sure that data was delivered/received intact without error

45
Q

What does PPPoE stand for?

A

Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet

46
Q

What does PPPoE do?

A

PPPoE encapsulates the PPP frame into an ethernet frame

47
Q

What authentication does PPPoE use most?

A

PPPoE uses (PAP) password authentication protocol the most

48
Q

What does it mean when something is multi-access enabled?

A

Multi-access means that every node connects to another

49
Q

What are 2 ways PPPoE is used?

A
  1. PPPoE using DSL services from a DSL modem/router connecting to DSL
  2. PPPoE DSL modem connected to PPPoE only router via ethernet cable
50
Q

What is the discovery stage in terms of PPPoE?

A

The discovery stage establishes a session ID to identify the hardware address

51
Q

Why is the discovery stage for PPPoE important?

A

The discovery stage ensures that data gets delivered to the right place

52
Q

What’s the difference between PPP and PPPoE?

A

PPPoE is an extra layer of encapsulation for standard PPP frames, that allows data to be sent over ethernet connections

Course 2 - Bits and Bytes of Networking* (15 decks)

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