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Understanding Democratic Institutions (18EUA607) > WEEK 5 - Political Parties > Flashcards

WEEK 5 - Political Parties Flashcards

1
Q

How are Political Parties defined?

A

‘Any political group identified by an official label that presents at elections, and is capable of placing through elections candidates for public office’
(Sartori 1976)

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2
Q

What are the functions of Political Parties?

A
  • Representation
  • Structuring Political choice
  • Political Recruitment
  • Government (Parties form the Govt.)
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3
Q

What are the three elements of Political Organisation?

A
  • Control
  • Regimes
  • Funding
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4
Q

What are the forms of control of Political Parties?

A
  • Can be centralised or decentralised
  • Can be decided via internal democracies
    (Corbyn kicking out those who don’t agree with him)
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5
Q

What kinds of Authoritarian Regimes can exist?

A
  • Weak: Party can be seen as a personal vehicle (Putin)
  • Strong: Monopolising Govt.
    (China)
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6
Q

How does Funding work for Political Parties?

A
  • Via membership
  • Public Funding
  • Campaign Spending
  • Big Businesses
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7
Q

How have parties evolved?

A
  • Cadre Parties
  • Mass Parties
  • Catch-all Parties
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8
Q

What are Cadre Parties?

A
  • Parliamentary Origins
  • Limited Organisations
  • Just a group of like-minded people
  • Often within the house (so often elite only)
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9
Q

What are Mass Parties?

A
  • Extra-parliamentary origin (so within the people)
  • Mass Membership
  • Often want to change society

EXAMPLE:
- Corbyn’s Labour seen to be the return of Mass Parties

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10
Q

What are Catch-all parties?

A
  • Dropping of Ideological beliefs
  • Centralisation of Power
  • Problem with this is no real political substance

EXAMPLE:
- New Labour: Dropping socialism to spread electorate further

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11
Q

What is Labour’s increase in numbers (2015-2017)?

A

388,000 - 544,000

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12
Q

What are the most recent forms of parties?

A
  • Cartel Parties

- Business-firm Parties

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13
Q

What are Cartel Parties?

A
  • Parties going from societal agents to state agents (using the state to preserve role)
  • Established parties forming a ‘cartel’
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14
Q

What are Business-firm parties?

A
  • Initiative of ‘political entrepreneur’
  • ‘Marketing’ of programme and leader
  • Lightweight organisation (Not structured)
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15
Q

Can a government function without political parties?

A

Short Answer,
Yes. Guernsey.

  • Argued however that the size of the crown dependency means their govt. can go without parties.
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16
Q

What are the different interpretations of Party Ideologies?

A 
LEFT        RIGHT
- Radical V Conservative
- Secular V Religious 
- Socialism V Capitalism
- Culturally Liberal V 
  Traditionalist

Meanings may not always coincide.

Parties can change left-right at any time.
The left-right divide more clear cut in US.

17
Q

What is a party system?

A

‘Overall configuration of parties, as shown in the number of parties, their relative importance, and the interaction between them’
(Hague and Harrop 2013)

18
Q

What are the differing types of party systems?

A
  • One/ Dominant Party Systems
  • Two-party system
  • Multiparty Systems
19
Q

What are Dominant Party Systems?

A
  • One party dominates
  • Stability, yet risk of corruption
  • Still, voter choice yet statistical improbability

EXAMPLE:

  • Indian National Congress (INC)
  • African National Congress (ANC)
20
Q

What are Two-Party Systems?

A

-Duopolistic
- Competition for ‘median
voter’ - Middle Ground
- Increased accountability
but limited choice

EXAMPLE:
-UK,US,Canada, Aus.

21
Q

Is the UK still a two party system?

A

Under seat share says yes.
2017: No less than 82.4% of votes gone to Tories/ Labour

This figure was higher than it had been in any election since 1970.

22
Q

What are Multiparty systems?

A
  • Norm in continental Europe
  • Coalition Govt. typical

(Alleged) Advantages:

  • Compromise and Consensus
  • Representation

Disadvantages:

  • Govt. formation behind closed doors
  • Accountability
23
Q

What is the new cleavage of new parties in Europe?

A

OLD: Workers V Elites
NEW: Green Agenda V Far Right

  • Set of social and political
    assumptions. Can still place
    this on L/R Spectrum
  • Can see this in rise of Continental Europe parties (Germany especially. Greens more impactful)
  • Far right have become successful by creating an ‘other’. I.e: UKIP ‘othering’ Brussels

Understanding Democratic Institutions (18EUA607) (10 decks)

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