Week 5 Part 1 Flashcards
What is conservation biology
Integrative discipline that applies the principles of ecology to the protection of biodiversity
What is biodiversity
Genetic diversity within a species
Is landscape part of diversity
YES
What is biodiversity
The diversity of important ecological entities that span multiple spatial scales from genes to species to communities
What is the example of parrotfish
Eat the algae off coral reefs and help produce sand for our beach and we indirectly want to have a beach
What are some of ecosystem services
Water purification
Generation and maintenace of soild
Pollination of crops
Climate regulation
Flood control
Source of food like fish
Source of medcine
What are seagrass meadows good for
Help remove dangerous bacteria from ocean waters
What else what noticed for sea grass
Emotional health and spiritually go to natural ecosystems for solace wonder and insight
What is the current extinction rate for mammals and birs
1 per year
What do estimates of current extinction rates rely on
The species area relationship
Changes in the threat status of species shift from endangered to critically endangered
Rates of population decline or range contraction of common species
What did Alwyn Gentry
He mapped plant diversity in central and south america and wouldnt be supprised when he came back years later to see species missing he lost 1,000 endemic species
Why are rates of extinction diffcult to measure
because the number of species on earth is currently unknown
What are used as background rates
Exction rates esitmiated from the fossil record
What is the background rate for mammals and birds
One species every 200 years
What is extinction rate
Mammals and birds have a highest extinction rate
What leads to change in communities
50% or more of the frugivores and nectarviores probably led to change in the island plant communites for example plants need to be dispperes which are frugivores and then go on unraveling and loss of biodiversity
What create a greater effect on the removal
The stronger the interacations of a species in the food web
What are the primary threats to biodiversity
- Habitat loss
- Overexplotiation
- Pollution
- Disease
- Invasice species
- Climate change
What is the example of the passenger pigeon
Passenger pigeon was one of the most abundant bird on earth so it was easy to hunt because of all this open space due to habitat loss of the chesnut tree
What is extinction vortex
A cyclic chain of events causes a small population to decline even further and become ever more vulnerable to processes that lead to extinction
What is the habitat loss
Conversion of an ecosystem to another use
What is habitat framentation
Breaking up continuous haibitat into patches amid a human-dominated landscape
What is habitat degradation
Changes that reduce quality of the habitat for many but not all species
What is overexplortation
the harvest of wild organisms at a rate that exceeds their replacement, can also lead to loss
of diversity.
What is the cod example of overexplortation
The large fish of cod decrease and not sure if it will recover the large fish were caught and now the sizes are shrinking
What is another example of overxploitation
Poaching
What causes invasive species
Usually transportation and shipping
What can we see with pollution in species
Bio amplification predator eats prey and the more it eats with a longer live span the more toxic it will become PCB
What causes extinction through disease
Small population dont have genetic variation to survive
How do you see exitinction through climate crisis
Extinction of entire ecosystems communities on ecosystem are changing
How can you find a successful management
Involve working with farmers, fishers, landowners tourists artist
What is conservation biology
The scientific study of biodiversity how human activities impact it and how to maintain it and prevent its loss
