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Ecology After Midterm > Week 3 Part 1 > Flashcards

Week 3 Part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two variables in all the hypotheses of biodiversity

A

Degree of overlap in ecological function of species
Variation in strength of ecological functions of species

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2
Q

What is the complementarity hypothesis

A

As species richness increases there will be a linear increase in community function. Each species added has an equal effect

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3
Q

What is the redundancy hypothesis

A

The functional contribution of additional species reaches a threshold. As more species are added there is an overlap in their function or redundancy among species.

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4
Q

What is the dirver and apssenger hypothesis

A

Strength of ecological function varies greatly “Driver” species have a larger effect; “passenger” species have a minimal effects

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5
Q

What is the variation on the driver and hypothesis

A

It assumes there could be overlap between dirver and passenger functions

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6
Q

What is primary production

A

The chemical energy generated by autotrophs during photosynthesis and chemosynthesis

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7
Q

What is primary productivity

A

Rate of primary production

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8
Q

What is the currency used to measure primary production

A

Carbon because energy assimilated by autotrophs is stored as carbon compounds in plat tissues

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9
Q

What is GPP

A

The total amount of carbon fixed by autotrophs

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10
Q

What does GPP depend on

A

Photosynthetic rate

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11
Q

What is photosynthetic rate influence by

A

Climate and leaf area index

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12
Q

What is LAI

A

Leaf area per uint of ground area. Can be greater than one because of overlapping leaves

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13
Q

What is leaf area index

A

The incremental gain in photosynthesis for each added leaf layer decreases because of shading

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14
Q

Does the leaf index increase by the same incriments each time

A

No eventually the respiratory costs associated with adding leafs outweight the photosynthetic benefits leafs also start to overlap so you are getting less and less sunlight

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15
Q

How much carbon fixed do they use in photosyntheis for cellular respiration

A

Half

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16
Q

Are all tissues photosyntehtic

A

NO

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17
Q

What does respiration rate increase with

A

Temperature so tropical forests have higher respiratory losses

18
Q

What is NPP

A

Net reprsents biomass gained by the plant esseintaly is the energy left for plant growth and for consumption by detritivores and herbivores
NPP= GPP-Respiration

19
Q

What is a good indicator of ecosystem health

A

NPP

20
Q

In terrestrial ecosystems how do you measure NPP

A

The increase in plant biomass usually uses harvest techniques measure biomass before and after growing season

21
Q

What corrections need to be made for measuring NPP

A

Herbivory and mortality

22
Q

Why is measuring below-ground NPP more difficult

A

Fine root turn over more quickly than shoots- they die and are replaced quickly
Roots may excude carbon into the soil or bacterial symbionts
Harvests must be more frequent and additional correction factors are needed.

23
Q

What else could measure NPP

A

Chlorophyll concentration can be a proxy GPP and NPP which can be estimated using remote sensing methods that measure reflection of solar radiation

24
Q

What is NDVI

A

A commonly used estimate of productivity based on reflection
Can esitmate CO2. NPP, Deforestation, desertification and other phenomena

25
Q

What has a high and low NDVI

A

Vegetation has a high level and water and soil has a low NDVI value

26
Q

What is NEE

A

The net change in CO2 is GPP minus total respiration

27
Q

What is more refined esitmate of ecosystem of carbon storage

A

NEE over NPP

28
Q

Equation for NEE

A

GPP-(AR+HR)

29
Q

What is the variation of NPP correlated with

A

Climate
NPP increases as percipitation increases up to a point but when there is too much percipation too much cloud cover so less light
NPP increases with increasing average annual temperature

30
Q

Why is there variation in the temperature graph

A

Perceptation varries
ammount of sun they reccive
wind
soil factors (abiotic features that are not related to climate)

31
Q

What tends to determine NPP in terrestrial ecosystems

A

Nitrogen

32
Q

What was the theme with fertilization and plants in different levels resource communities

A

Plants from resource poor communities tend to have low growth rates and require less nutrients so they respond less to fertilization than plants from resource rich communities (rich get richer)

33
Q

What happens in nutrient-poor communites are fertilized

A

Often a change in species composition

34
Q

What is NPP limited by in aquatic ecosystems

A

Phosphorus and nitrogen

35
Q

How is NPP measured in Aquatic systems

A

Change in chlorophyll concentration or number of phytoplankton cells

36
Q

What happened in the study of the great lakes and adding more nutrients

A

Results showed that phosphorus was the nutrient in limited phosphorus it resulted in massive increases in cyanobacteria

37
Q

Where did most of the nutrients come from in rivers and streams

A

NPP is usally low so it comes from terrestrial organic matter the water flow limits phytoplankton growth; most NPP is from macrophytes and attached algae

38
Q

In the ocean what is NPP limited by

A

Nitrogen but near the equator it appears to be limited by iron

39
Q

What do scientist think iron fertilization could do and would it work

A

Reduce global warming because CO2 uptake by phytoplankton would increase. However a large-scale fertizaltion of ocean is unlikely to be a solution the CO2 taken up by phytoplnakton is returned to the atmosphere via respiration of zooplankton and bacteria and iron sinks to the bottom

40
Q

Where is average rates of NPP higher

A

Land surface is higher than the oceans and found in the tropics

41
Q

Why is there variation of NPP in aquatic ecosystems

A

Variation of nutrient inputs NPP peaks at mid latitudes where ones of upwelling are found which than can bring nutrient rich deep water to the surface

Ecology After Midterm (9 decks)

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